Modern ultrasonic medical imaging technology (1)

Ultrasound imaging equipment has undergone more than half a century of history, especially in the 1990s as medical, mechanical, materials, computer, electronics engineering technology for the rapid development of ultrasound equipment performance continues to improve, functionality, and constantly improve, use expanding.

Now, no hospital can be open ultrasonography technology, ultrasonography with high spatial resolution, high contrast, real-time fast soft tissue imaging, how simple, no taboos, no damage, repeatable, gracious and economic characteristics, and CT, MRI, SPECT together constitute a clinical medicine essential four imaging technology.

Ultrasound imaging technology in medical applications

Ultrasound imaging technology in medical application begins in the middle of last century, began to just use A ultrasonic measuring the thickness of the in vitro organ, and to do some exploring of clinical disease diagnosis; however, and the use of M-type ultrasound detection of normal and the heart of patients with rheumatic heart disease; until the 1970s, you can display the organ and lesions form the structural changes of B-mode ultrasound imaging technology applied to clinical, opened a two-dimensional slices organs ultrasound imaging inspection technology for the new page.

In the mid-1980s the advent of color Doppler ultrasound tester, because it can display the organ and lesion morphology and hemodynamics of information, and ultrasonography technical standards is a step forward. Until 9 0 s computer digital technologies are widely applied to medical ultrasound study of three-dimensional imaging technology that allows successful ultrasonography technology into a higher level and a new stage of development. That is, from the last century to the beginning of the century, ultrasound imaging technology is amazing, it has achieved many significant technical breakthroughs. Panoramic view of ultrasonography technology development process, is a "point" (A-type ultrasonography) → "line" (m-) → "surface" (two-dimensional) → "body" (three-dimensional ultrasonography) development process; is a one-dimensional array to the two-dimensional array of three-dimensional arrays to the DPRK to the development process; is a static image to real-time dynamic imaging of the development process; is a single parameter diagnostic technology to multiple parameters diagnosis technology development process; it is an anatomical structure morphology Imaging to the anatomy of functional imaging, metabolic imaging, enzymes and receptors and gene expression image fusion of molecular imaging of the development process.

Digital technology in ultrasonic imaging equipment

Digital ultrasonic equipment, starting from digital scan converter to today's transmitting, receiving, the process of digital imaging, digital technology has a high-performance ultrasonic imaging equipment widely used, such as probe type encoding digital receiver technology, launched beam technology, digital delay technology, dynamic Apodization technology, dynamic e-focused, dynamic aperture technologies, etc.

Digital technology development and application also promote and stimulate the ultrasound imaging equipment, high-performance, intelligent and miniaturization. High-performance ultrasonic imaging device is not only able to meet the clinical needs of disease diagnosis, but also to carry out related research on basic theory and clinical medicine, thereby further to promote the technology of ultrasonic imaging diagnosis from a mere morphology to morphological and physiological and functional and molecular imaging direction of development. Intelligence can be a key actions, such as a multi-function, adjustable TGC, receiving gain, dynamic range, adjustable speed ruler, Doppler baseline and many other parameters, thereby avoiding the checking procedure in the complex, cumbersome adjustment operations. To guarantee the required functionality under the premise of ultrasound apparatus miniaturization, the device structure is simple, such as portable size, whether it is a bedside examination or visits or emergency on-site rescue check, better reflect the ultrasonic imaging technology of important clinical status and value also widened the clinical application of ultrasound technology. In addition, with the rise of the information highway, communication and network technology is widely used, different manufacturers, different models of ultrasound imaging equipment DICOM3.0 standard interfaces are provided. DICOM3.0 standard in not only covers medical imaging directly related to the data dictionary, information exchange, networking, communications, media storage and file formats and displays the print, manage, and other aspects of content, but also gradually covering the entire medical environment, capacity and data information exchange trends. This means you can set the ultrasound diagnostic equipment or in conjunction with ultrasound imaging workstation together into hospital image management and communications systems (PACS), and even into the whole hospital information system.

Ultrasound imaging diagnostic probe technology development

The probe also known as the transducer, the ultrasound diagnostic instrument in one of the most important part, its main role is to be launched into human ultrasonography before receiving body of ultrasonic echo signal.

High-performance, high-quality probe not only access to the precondition of high quality images, but also a variety of new ultrasound imaging method of technology guarantee. The probe of the structure is normally provided by the principal, shell and conductor made up of three parts, with piezoelectric material (chip) is the core of the body. From single-chip, the chip development to tens, hundreds or even thousands of chip, at the same time by several wafer parallel to form the number of probe element are expanding. At present, the main trend of probe is new materials, new processes, multiple array element (high density), high frequency, broadband and private. New materials: mainly include composite and organic thin film materials, new technology: that is, piezoelectric ceramics and polymers in a certain way, certain volume ratio and distribution space geometry, high sensitivity, low impedance (favour and volunteers organizations match) and a lower machinery quality factors (conducive to band stretching), and other advantages; density: 1 dimension (256 element), 1.5 dimension (8 × 1 2 8 array element), 2-d (60 x 60 array element); high-frequency: 3MHz-7MHz frequency probe for diagnosis of stomach and heart disease, the frequency of the transducer for 10MHz-15MHz superficial organs of checks, the frequency of the transducer for 20MHz-40MHz eye and skin of ultrasound imaging, 100MHz-200MHz frequency probe is mainly used for ultrasonic microscope;Band: band refers to transducer frequency range of upper and lower limits, it can be achieved when using a probe by the elementary to check depth transmitting and receiving from high to low frequency of ultrasonic echo signals, at the same time, they also realize the frequency domain imaging, harmonic imaging and other non-linear imaging technology of important security; private: is the probe into special shapes, such as dedicated to the esophagus, rectum and vagina, urethra, bladder, abdominal cavity, vessels etc check private Chamber probe.

Ultrasonography in the development of new imaging technology