United States the annual top ten medical technology innovation

Not long ago, in the United States the Cleveland Clinic Foundation organized a "medical innovation Summit 2008", scientists announced the Organization elected top ten medical innovation instruments and treatment technologies.

These innovative projects involving avian influenza vaccine development, hospitals, information management systems, life support systems, and uterine fibroid embolization, heart valve repair and other minimally invasive surgical techniques.

The top ten medical innovation technology are:

1. organ perfusion apparatus.

The instrument can repeat in the human body can be provided so that the heart beating up to 12 hours.

2. diaphragm pacing.

This device is mainly used for spinal cord injury leads to paralysis of the life of the breadth of support, it helps patients to breathe.

3. multi spectral Imaging System.

The imaging system can be used with a standard magnifying glass. With the help of a magnifying glass, researchers can use different colors to a maximum of 4 kinds of protein for dyeing. Then, in 10 to 30 different wavelengths to observe specimens, helping researchers understand the signaling pathways in cancer cells, to develop better targeted therapy.

4. circulating tumor cells detection technology.

Through this technology, the doctor blood tests circulating tumor cells (i.e. from tumor tissue from and into the blood of tumor cells), to be able to make early cancer recurrence, while on the efficacy and patient prognosis, etc.

5. percutaneous mitral regurgitation repair.

This is a minimally invasive treatment technology. The doctor will catheter inserted into the femoral vein from patients, and then sent to the heart of the mitral valve repair Department. For the surgery, the doctor needs to use a device will be fixed, use the heart catheter tip of the PIN-like device in mitral valve repair Central leaf until the blood properly, regurgitation is correct.

6. avian influenza vaccine development.

Since this method uses a simulation of bird virus-like particles, which may make the vaccines have better results.

7.LESS and NOTES of minimally invasive techniques.

LESS, that is, celiac endoscopy of minimally invasive surgery, endoscopic NOTES are used to human natural hole cavity to approach of minimally invasive surgery.

8. diffusion tensor Imaging.

The imaging technology has been God in favor of a surgeon, enabling scientists to non-invasive exploration for a long time under the conditions have not been studied in nerve fibers.

9. Doppler guided of Uterine artery embolization.

This is the treatment of fibroids without innovation.

10. information exchange technology in hospitals.

This technology is the medical institutions to store and manage consumer, health care physicians, specialists, pharmacy, nursing home and insurance information exchange technologies.

New health reform Unlearning charitable marketing routes return to nature

Xinhua Beijing, 6 APR (reporter River Guocheng Zhouting Yu Wang) 6 had been authorized to publish (Xinhua)--the Central Committee of the State Council on the deepening of medical system reform of opinion "reprobate before reform excessive market practice, the commitment to strengthen the Government's basic responsibilities of the health system, increased investment, the maintenance of social equity and justice, towards the establishment of covering urban and rural residents of basic health system, the enjoyment of basic health services.

It took nearly three years, extensive experience of absorbing new health reform roadmap: by 2020, covering urban and rural residents of basic health system, basic building, generally a more comprehensive public health services and medical care system, sound health care system, compared to the standard medicine supply security system, the health sector more scientific management system and operational mechanism to form the plural construction pattern, the enjoyment of basic health services.

In the Chinese leadership concern and support for the roadmap for the Government in the provision of public health and primary health care in a dominant position: public health services, mainly through government funding to the Equalization of urban and rural residents; basic medical services provided by Government, social and individual third party reasonable cost-sharing, and pledged that the Government will gradually increase the investment to resident individuals basic health cost burden of effective mitigation.

The road map provides for 3 years starting this year, China will focus on basic health insurance system, which may change and accelerate the construction of the basic medical insurance system, initially established national essential drugs, and improve primary health care system, the promotion of basic public health services gradually equalization, promote public hospital reform, obvious ease the Chinese people "difficulty and high cost.

January 21, Premier Wen Jiabao, presided over by the State Council Executive meeting decided that the Chinese Government announced that the next three years to implement the above major reform effort 8500 billion.

The target is 3 years for urban workers and residents basic medical insurance and new rural CMS rate increasing to 90 percent. Next year, the Government's urban residents new medical insurance and medical care benefits standards up to 120 per person per year, and the appropriate metadata to improve personal payment standards, increase the reimbursement rate and payment limits.

To promote safe medication, check pricing, China will initially established national essential drugs regime, the essential medicines into Medicare drug reimbursement directory.

At the same time, in order to facilitate people to seek medical treatment, China will be spent improving primary health care system, focusing on strengthening County Hospital (hospital), Township, village clinics in remote areas and difficult parts of building in urban community health service centers.

Jun, Chinese Vice Minister of finance said that the last year, China financial arrangements to health spending $ 2499, 6 years, an average annual increase of 24 per cent.

This year, only the Central Government budget for health care spending will increase 38.2 per cent. In future, all levels will further increase investment, so that residents basic health burden significantly reduced.

State Department deepening medical system reform inter-ministerial coordination Working Group Office Director John Woo is said that the new reform roadmap requires strengthening government institutions, planning, financing, service, regulatory and other responsibilities, the maintenance of public health, promote fair.

At the same time, the requirements for improved medical treatment on the level and quality of service, meet the multi-level needs, so that all share the reform and development outcomes.

Peking University Professor Li Ling believes that the basic health system as a public offer to all products, which in Chinese history is the first time.

This means that basic health services as public goods become part of people's fundamental rights.

Who Representative Office officials, Sarah · Alba Park view, China medical reform roadmap focus for all Chinese equitable provision of basic health services, is worthy of praise.

Roadmap to public health, rural health, essential medicines and basic health care facilities as the focus. Substantially increase its investment in these areas, will pave the way for achieving these goals.

The early 1980s, China has chosen the marketing, commercialization oriented health services mode.

Due to the lack of government investment, rising drug costs, medical resource too quickly to big cities and large hospitals, primary health care sector the scarcity of resources, technology is weak, the "costlier" become distressed urban and rural residents of social problems.

Since the beginning of 2006, China officially launches new health reform.

For brainstorming, improve health reform programme of the scientific and operational decision making. In 2007, the Chinese Government delegate to the World Health Organization, World Bank, and other research institutions in China medical reform proposed overall approach and framework design. In 2008, China, based on community opinion on a draft of the new health reform programme made a number of changes to 190.

De successfully developed rapid diagnostic tests in vitro micro lab

As far as Germany Fraunhofer Institute website reported that recently, the Institute scientists successfully developed a set of miniature laboratory systems, in the field of complex biological tests, and get within 30 minutes.

The system is expected in the near future on the market.

With the development of medical technology, many of the disease has been confirmed by laboratory tests.

However, patients had to face the reality, that is, from the samples sent to the laboratory, to the analysis of results to return to the doctor's hands, you will need to wait a long time, sometimes even a few days to a week or two. But for many diseases, rapid diagnosis is critical for successful treatment. However, patients are perhaps in the future in the consulting room, waiting for a very short time you can get the test results. It benefited from the Fraunhofer Institute for the study of seven staff work together in a project, they are in vitro diagnostic developed a micro-modular platforms, such as blood and saliva samples of different creatures, the doctor can directly in the consulting room for quick testing.

This miniature laboratory's core part is a with a different sensor matching disposable plastic test cartridge.

Examination, the doctor into the appropriate reagent, reagent contains some material that can be confirmed if the samples contain the corresponding Antigen. For different problems, testing platforms offer different testing methods. Perform the examination, the doctor will inject the appropriate sample material test cartridge, the test will automatically. Researchers say they have already optimized the testing process, a separate analysis steps in as many as 500 parallel detection reactions. Therefore, even sophisticated analysis, the doctor will soon receive laboratory results.

As a result of the in vitro diagnostic platform modular design principle is very flexible, researchers believe that it is applicable in nearly all biological problems.

In the future, by developing a new module, you may be able to achieve the samples in the detection of DNA level. Remove the medical market, the platform may also apply to food analysis or doping control, etc.

MN101EF32D MCU based electronic sphygmomanometer design

Introduction

Blood pressure is a very important health indicators, blood pressure measurement of the accuracy or otherwise directly related to people's health.

Countries the sphygmomanometer classified as compulsory examination and measurement instruments. General Hospital using mercury sphygmomanometer method based on artificial korotkoff sound, this approach has some inherent disadvantages: first is deflated speed have a direct impact on the readings, the international standard on gas speed for 3 ~ 5mmHg per second, while a different doctor placed there fast with slow gas would have an impact on measurement accuracy; second, this approach to human vision, hearing, and the degree of coordination as a main basis, it is difficult to standardize. To this end, the design from the detection of blood pressure, use ribensongxiagongsi high-speed, low-power single-chip, as MN101EF32D sphygmomanometers, control, data read/write, data, display of core, can be accurately use oscillometric (oscillation) measurement of blood pressure.

Working principle

Oscillometric (oscillation) is based on the cuff in decompression process, its pressure oscillation amplitude of wave envelope to determine the changes of blood pressure.

Now compare consensus is when cuff pressure oscillation amplitude of the wave maximum, cuff pressure is the arterial pressure on average. Artery of systolic blood pressure corresponds to amplitude envelope of the first corner, diastolic blood pressure corresponds to the envelope of a second ahead of the curve.

Hardware design

System basic works as shown in Figure 1.

Pressure sensor output voltage signal first lowpass filter, and then by the amplifier circuit will signal to the input signal for SCM, the last analog signal after MN101EF32D of sampling into digital single chip. Procedure for acquisition of data analysis, digital filtering calculated after the blood pressure of the two key indicators of the diastolic pressure "and" systolic blood pressure ", after the MCU to store the data to an external storage, and these important data displayed on the LCD.

Sensor and its peripheral circuit design

The use of sensors for sphygmomanometer MPS-3100-006G Piezoresistive pressure sensors, is made up of four equivalent resistance-bridge consisting of Hui, its output voltage and input pressure proportional, ideally when pressure input resistance values follow change, but in fact the temperature change can also affect the results of its output resistance value.

In addition, because Crystal and circuit design error, coupled with the packaging process, impact, zero offset is zero. It must be applied to individual components of temperature compensation circuit calibration. Its important indicators are as follows:

A determination of the scope: sensor 5.8 ~ 15 PSIG

B, operation temperature range:-40 ~ 85 ° c

C, driving current: 1.5 ~ 3mA

D, driving voltage: 5 ~ 15V

E, zero drift: 25 ~ 25mV

F, resistance temperature coefficient: 0.2%/¡æ

Because blood pressure signal is taken from the arm, measurement of signal vulnerable cuff's location, the arm to move the interference.

According to these professional features, request system with a high input impedance, high gain, high common-mode rejection ratio, low noise, low drift, and other features. As shown in Figure 2, figure of T1 is MPS-3100-006G Piezoresistive pressure sensors. The entire circuit first pressure signal is converted to a voltage signal, and then make amplification filtering. Figure U1, U2 LM324 for active operational amplifier, the input impedance is high. Pressure sensor signal amplifier, and adjust the size of the VR1 to changing operational amplifier-loop gain to regulation in order to adapt to the A/D input voltage range. U1 amplifier circuit used to measure the pressure in the cuff, measurement data to analysis and control for MCU on cuff inflated and deflated. Plus U2 amplifier circuit are separated through C11 capacitance direct AC signal amplification, this loop measurement is human pulse wave. Two loop collection data form the various indicators of important sphygmomanometer calculation parameters.

MN101EF32D properties

MN101EF32D is Matsushita (Panasonic) launched in early 2008, MN101Exx series 8-bit microcontroller peripheral compound a multifunctional, flexible and optimized hardware structure, simple and efficient instruction system, the full realization of economical efficiency and high-speed.

MN101E32D type microcontroller, built-in Flash and RAM 64KB 4KB, with six external interrupt, 20 internal interrupt (NMI), nine timer counter, 3 x serial interface, 8-channel A/D converters, 32 x 4 LCD drive, watchdog timer, single system of data transmission function, automatically synchronizing the output function and the buzzer output and peripheral functions.

Minimum instruction execution time can be up to 64 50ns, encapsulation. pin LQFP This functionality using MN101EF32D sphygmomanometer is as follows:

A and 10-bit A/D sampling for static pressure and the pulse wave measurement.

B, LCD controller, direct drive 23 * 4 LCD monitor, display measurement process and results.

C, timer for scheduled A/D sampling data and calculate auto power off time.

D, using digital signal processing technology on A/D sampling of signal processing, mainly for digital low-pass filter and related calculations.

E, power open hardware control, power off using the control's methods, the shutdown occurs apart from voltage module, chip powered power consumption is very low.

F, measurement can choose mmHg and Kpa as the primary display, measuring accuracy is high, reaching static 1mmHg, dynamic 3mmHg measuring accuracy.

As a result of using ferroelectric memory as storage media, data protectionSave time is very long.

MN101EF32D and external serial fram hardware connection

In the choose the external storage, due to the long term, taking into account the need to repeatedly erase, write the settings work parameters and measured with important information, and save a lot of historical data, you must use the larger SRAM to write as many data information and ensure that the data is not lost after loss.

Because of the design process itself EEPROM. Life limited and write longer, therefore is not ideal for battery-powered systems. Sphygmomanometer need to save data design for systolic blood pressure (2 bytes), diastolic pressure (2 bytes), average pressure (2 bytes), pulse (2 bytes), each record of the time (5 bytes), and so on, each measure 13 bytes needed to store the data. Hypothesis 4 times a day, the need for measuring 13 × 4 = 52 bytes, sphygmomanometer to save seven days of data you need, choose 364 bytes "fram" 24cL04. When you open used sphygmomanometer, MCU in its PA0 port analog out IIC bus SCL and input to the external memory 24cL04 SCL pin, PA1 port and the SDA 24cL04 mouth for data exchange, data will be useful to appear on the LCD. Power processing module and its associated circuit set

This selection 2 section 7 sphygmomanometer, battery as the power input.

In order to achieve a better quality of power supply, in this circuit has chosen the DC/DC boost chip RN5RK331A, 2-line no. 7 1.5 volt battery voltage of 3V rises to around 3.3V, supply system simulation circuit power, but also as a digital circuit is power supply MCU (as shown in Figure 3). Considering the air pump, valve if and analog circuit, digital circuit directly to share power, would introduce greater interference, thereby affecting pressure sensor, amplifier and MCU to work properly, so designed to pump, valve and other devices connected together, directly by the battery.

In addition, an important collection of blood through the amplifier magnified cuff pressure and straight after the pulse wave, because they are small signal amplification, so after A/D conversion of design is also very important.

The system adopts intelligent automatic blood pressure measurement, inflatable, in Buck's process measurement. Due to work pressure valve, power supply is wave, if you are using the system directly to as A/D reference voltage reference, will bring to measurement error. Adoption of National Semiconductor's LM385 as A/D conversion voltage reference connected to the chip's VREF + pin, to ensure that the collection of accurate data conversion.

LCD display module design

As in Figure 4, 5, in order to enable users to more easily, simply by using this system, a LCD display.

Panasonic's MN101EF32D chip built-in LCD driver module, you can direct drive LCD.

To initialize the LCD mode control register 1 (LCDMD), it is an 8-bit registers, used to specify the LCD clock, LCD display ON/OFF, display the duty cycle.

System software design

Software key processes are as follows:

Power-on, the first complete system initialization.

Microcontroller power supply to pump start, allowing rapid inflatable cuff to users about 30mmHg systolic blood pressure above. After the SCM through 1 D started A/road acquisition cuff pressure and cuff pressure drop in speed to control exhaust vent, the cuff band uniform buck (3 ~/s 5mmHg). At the same time, 1-channel A/D start acquisition after every other straight pulse wave. When the amplitude of the pulse wave maximum cuff pressure is the arterial pressure on average. Artery of systolic blood pressure corresponds to amplitude envelope of the first corner, diastolic blood pressure corresponds to the envelope of a second ahead of the curve.

Software major subdivided into the following three major modules:

A) uniform pressure control module

Although valve automatic slow deflated, but in order to enable the rapid inflatable cuff to users about systolic blood pressure above 30mmHg after uniform buck (3 ~ 5mmHg/s), but you cannot use the normal method, because the entire measurement process is vulnerable to external shocks, such as human vibration cuff, trachea of the vibration, the body movement, etc., and tracheal rigidity degree also affects the cuff pressure changes within the Dim.

So the cuff pressure reduction in speed and frequency of the valve switches to a non-linear relationship.

This design uses a PID algorithm to control valve switches to ensure that the cuff to 3 ~ 5mmHg/s speed uniform buck.

By SCM's processing speed and RAM resource limitations, it does not use floating point arithmetic, and all parameters all integer, then divide by 2N (equivalent to shift), made a similar point arithmetic, can greatly improve the speed. Final assignment for the timer to control valve opening time, thus ensuring a constant pressure of speed.

In PID algorithm in three basic parameters of the Kp, Ki, setting and adjustment of Kd is to compare the hard part, in accordance with the principle of these parameters, adjusting method as follows:

1, pressure will soon drop to the target value, but the pressure drop of too much:

A) scaling factors too big;

B) too small differential coefficient;

2. pressure drop to the target value:

A) scaling factors too small;

B) integral coefficients too small;

3, basically can control on the target, but the upper and lower deviation of the larger and frequent fluctuations

a

) Differential coefficient is too small;

B) integral coefficients too large;

2) signal processing module

Ben sphygmomanometers signal 2 road, MPS-3100-006G pressure sensor signal first for treatment of low-pass filtering, excluded due to outside interference caused by signal reading after amplification of the error, as sending AD1; static pressure at direct after zoom sent again as AD2, pulse wave signal.

Since the A/D MN101EF32D 10 bits, so the maximum precision of up to 1/1024. In order to maximize the use of A/D conversion of sampling speed, use interrupt for A/D converted data processing. When A/D conversion completion interrupt program, anti pulse interference moving average method to implement a simple and effective digital filtering, enable measurements more accurate. Specific practices in a scheduled interruption successive 5 times within A/D conversion, removes the maximum and minimum values, the remaining 3 data for the arithmetic mean, the arithmetic mean as the a/d conversion result.

3) calculation of blood pressure modules

Cuff pressure and the pulse wave by signal processing module and then conclude that as shown in Figure 6.

The diagram below for users of pulse wave, above the sphygmomanometer boost and pressure drop in pressure in the cuff. On this basis, analysis signal for systolic, diastolic pressure, average pressure and heart rate calculation. SCM in the measurement process is stored each pulse wave peak, and each pulse interval time.

Systolic pressure criterion to determine the maximum amplitude method, i.e. deflated during pulse wave amplitude envelope rise above, when a pulse wave amplitude Ui and most significant Um (average pressure) than just greater than Ks, you think at this point the corresponding gas pressure for systolic blood pressure cuff.

Ps=P/Ui=Ks*Um

Diastolic pressure criterion determining also use maximum amplitude method to decide, but is in pulse wave amplitude envelope decreases, when a pulse wave amplitude Ui and most significant Um (average pressure) of just less than Kd, it believed that at this point the corresponding gas sleeve pressure is diastolic pressure.

Pd=P/Ui=Kd*Um

First experience parameter Ks = 0.54 and Kd = 0.72, tested for correction.

Heart rate is the pulse wave cycle, also to arithmetic mean.

Conclusions of the

MN101EF32D MCU based sphygmomanometer, takes full advantage of the chip itself, the circuit is simple, low power consumption, power requirements of a single, high precision and practicality, and other characteristics, have broad market prospects.

ARM9-based heart defibrillation simulation system design (1)

With the development of the society, people's health consciousness more and more strong, so the doctor training has become a very important link.

Cardiac defibrillation technology as one of the main medical training, if the operations specification, skilled, often at the last minute can save lives in times of crisis, in training, if able to realistically simulate emergency defibrillation scenarios, would be a good learning experience. Therefore, first aid, invasive clinical operations training, medical simulation teaching increasingly shown its low cost, high repeatability, teaching high efficiency and meet the ethical requirements.

Defibrillation simulation system can choose 34 State (including adult and children two categories) or medical monitor, defibrillator simulate more realistic.

The trainees can perform different energy defibrillator training, at the same time, this also makes it easy for teachers to test students ' learning results.

The system is based on the principle of the ECG and patient monitors signal synthesis theory developed in strict accordance with the relevant provisions of the medical, the resulting wave reached the purpose of medical teaching.

In the relevant disease ECG's key point reaches more realistic effect, when the system receives a high voltage defibrillation signal, depending on the system of advance settings, to wave converter. The system can be used in medical training institutions for training tools to enable students to quickly master cardiac defibrillation. The system simulation with first aid, monitor, have broad market prospects.

This article describes the heart defibrillation simulation system is the core for the control of ARM9, take full advantage of ARM9 rich i/o resources and powerful processing capabilities.

It uses the embedded development programme, and considering the system's versatility and usability, system output signal amplitude 0 ~ 5 mV continuously output room, supraventricular premature models, etc., can also produce a cycle of 1 s, ms pulse width is 100, the mV ranges 1 square. Easy to calibrate the monitor, the signal is a three-lead synchronization signal output.

1 system architecture and design

The system mainly includes the ARM9 central processing units, high voltage defibrillation signal acquisition module, D/A conversion modules, and monitor signal matching module and ECG waveform simulation and data extraction, application design, etc.

This system uses the ARM9 embedded development platforms, the following is the main structure of ARM9 processor and its features.

(1) 32 b fixed-point RISC processor, improved ARM/Thumb code weaving, multiplier, enhanced support for real-time (real-TIme) debugging;

(2) on-chip SRAM, instruction and data and instructions and data storage capacity adjustable;

(3) chip instructions and data, high-speed buffers (Cache) capacities from 4 KB ~ l MB:

(4) set protection unit (Protoction Unit), very suitable for embedded applications in memory to be fragmented and protection;

(5) the introduction of AMBA AHB bus interface for peripherals provide a unified address and data bus;

(6) support for external coprocessor instructions and data bus with a simple handshake signalling support;

(7) support standard basic logical unit scan test method;

(8) support BIST (Built-in-self-test);

(9) supports the embedded tracking macros, modules, support provides real-time tracking of instructions and data.

Simulation of cardiac defibrillation system overall design scheme, as shown in Figure 1.

2 system hardware design

This part is mainly divided into ARM9 hardware platform, D/A conversion, filtering circuit, high-voltage defibrillation signal acquisition, its system hardware connection diagram shown in Figure 2.

System under the control of the ARM9, D/A conversion to waveform data converted to analog output. When receiving a high voltage acquisition signal, the processor will convert the output of another ECG waveform diagram.

2.1 D/A conversion and resistance attenuation networks

This section is the core of the system, to ensure the system's stability and ECG signals, D/A conversion chips using 8-bit parallel DAC0832 chip, 12-V single supply, each DAC with separate reference inputs, data provided by the ARM9 to transform the output part adopts 4-order Butterworth filter, the output waveform with decay after the ECG, the filter after the output waveform peak up to 10 V, through the resistor divider network get 0 ~ 5 mV voltage output ranges.

Considering that to adopt the triple D/A, if each one exclusive 8 I/O ports, plus a number of control port, processor provides i/o port number distant do not meet the requirements, so plan to adopt common data ports, external I/O port films selected to implement, so you can save 16 I/O port, also meets the requirements of the signal output synchronism.

2.2 high voltage signal circuit design

The partial acquisition defibrillator on high-voltage discharge signals, due to the high-voltage defibrillation signals have discharge current with bi-directional, and discharge time only 4 ms, transient voltage up to 3 000 V, security property to be fully taken into account.

The circuit shown in Figure 3.

Wisdom of medical analysis of IBM medical information sharing technology

12 March, IBM announced that it will create a set of Guangdong provincial hospital new medical information sharing and analysis system, traditional Chinese and modern Western medicine.

The CHAS (medical and health records, analysis and sharing) system is designed to help achieve clinical data included and Western electronic medical record information sharing.

Because of the medicine in theory, diagnosis and treatment on a big difference, IBM has overcome the many technical challenges to help in the various departments of the hospital yuanbu and complex medical data between integration and information sharing.

The core of this solution is based on standardized clinical information model, it can in the various departments of the hospital between efficient information sharing, and eventually also with the hospital outside other medical institutions for information sharing.

CHAS by clinical Chinese and Western all kinds of information integration into a standardized, computable model, making it possible to use advanced data analysis techniques, thus contributing to the medical staff provides a method that can be tailored to specific diseases and patients, have gained a deeper understanding of the different methods according to traditional Chinese and Western medical plan and technology which is optimal.

Ultimately, the integration of information also helps medical personnel for the development of fusion of Western treatment plan.

CHAS is IBM's latest innovations, help in the world for more intelligent, interconnect, based on open standards of the medical information system.

IBM in the United States to Institute scientists in close collaboration with the design and implementation of the system, the system incorporates IBM advanced semantic technologies. This semantic technology can cause the system to understand and analyze specific clinical records the exact meaning of the content, CHAS also can handle different kinds of language used, the medical records of all information, regardless of format, terminology, or language that can be processed into a standardized documentation. This will allow hospitals, end and hospital external medical institutions information sharing easier.

China National Ministry of health select Guangdong provincial hospital as national key Chinese medical and scientific bases.

Founded in 1933 by Guangdong provincial hospital in Western medicine is recognized as a leader, is a blend of medical services, scientific research and teaching as one of the institutions. As southern China's largest hospitals, medical patients every day for more than 1 million people, approximately 400 000 patients admitted.

Guangdong provincial hospital, Mr. Lu Yu said: "our hospitals have long-term tradition of excellence, not only in medical side, in terms of scientific research and teaching.

We are committed to maintaining high standards, IBM CHAS technology help us do this, while IBM clinical information integration technology helps hospital information system from the non-convergence of applications into a consolidated, patient-centric system. ”

Throughout Guangdong provincial hospital system, CHAS: patient-centered health information management and sharing system, provides an open, standards-based, interoperable electronic medical record solution; contribute to the standardization of medical records, greatly facilitate medical analysis, medical research and clinical quality control to provide data base; can help implement a cross-sectoral and cross-regional medical patient record sharing between agencies, improving the efficiency of medical services; for medical information industry achieve internationally recognized standards reduce technical threshold.

IBM greater China Group Chief Technology Officer and head of IBM China research lab, Dr. Li Shi Gong said: "in the digital age, the individual hospital found that manage and share information is becoming more and more difficult, simply because more than ever, generated more data.

We create and implement these innovative technologies that will make medical systems smarter, more efficient, more accessible and more affordable. ”

Since CHAS is built on open, internationally accepted standards of technology, this system is also able to expand the use of electronic medical records, supporting clinical information in depth analysis, helps to promote global health sector at the forefront of research and innovation.

In late 2007, IBM announced its cooperation with the Chinese Ministry of health, through a system based on open standards and information sharing technology platform, enhancing regional medical services quality.

China hopes to promote in all hospital electronic medical records and medical data analysis, to alleviate the burden on patients, decide who should receive priority treatment and more efficient use of resources. For example, the daily inspection and easy treatment available in community hospitals, while more complex health problems and treatment may be recommended to see a specialist. CHAS would also help to support and promote the implementation of the plan, and has the potential to push the country's medical system reform forward.

The State Council has recently adopted a national health care reform programmes, including the 2011 will spend $ 8500, on all Chinese people provide general medical services.

In the United States has had a similar plan, the Obama administration plan in 5 years on medical information technology investment of us $ 20 billion, for national computerization of medical records.

IBM through scientific research and cooperation with the medical institutions to improve the medical records, dating back to the 1950s.

In the last 10 years, IBM and the United States together with the University of Pennsylvania has developed a nationwide digital breast x-rays archives system; and Mayo hospital jointly developed clinical trial participants system; and Scripps cooperative research influenza virus is how variability and proactively develop treatment method; and European universities to develop better treatment for AIDS; create a "world community grid", cancer, AIDS, dengue fever and other diseases.

Our arrangements billion earmarked funds, prevention and control of influenza a (H1N1)

Recently, Premier Wen Jiabao hosted a State Council Executive meeting to hear the previous phase of the influenza a H1N1 influenza prevention and control research and reporting further control measures.

The Conference notes that current, prevention of influenza a (H1N1) outbreak in a crucial stage.

Outside the outbreak has developed into more than 20 countries and regions, China must maintain vigilance should never be taken lightly.

Session, to further improving the ten key areas of work: (a) continue to strengthen the entry-exit inspection and quarantine.

This outbreak occurred outside the current priority is to tighten immigration and quarantine. To come from the epidemic countries and regions of the immigration officer strict medical investigation and tracking medical investigations, from the area of transport and goods implemented strict disinfection, quarantine, the various measures do fine do it, there can be no omissions. (Ii) to strengthen surveillance work. Strictly implement outbreak zero reporting system, discover the epidemic must be timely and accurate reporting, and will never allow huanbao, hidden and false negatives. (C) preparations for medical treatment. Everywhere you want to specify the specialized treatment hospital, to ensure that once you find patients, can prompt isolation, examination, diagnosis and treatment. (4) making emergency materials production and reserves. To organize and quarantine inspection equipment, protective vaccination supplies, effective anti-retroviral drugs and treatment apparatus, material production and reserves, in case you need it. (5) active control technology of scientific research. To focus and accelerate the influenza a H1N1 Influenza Pathogenesis, monitoring technologies, vaccines, clinical management, effective antiviral drug research, and strive to achieve new results as soon as possible. To play in traditional Chinese medicine in prevention work. (6) with the relevant national and international organizations to actively collaborate with, the establishment of mechanisms, conducts scientific research, prevention and control techniques, information exchange, cooperation, is in need of countries and regions provide financial, material and technical support. (VII) improving swine and poultry and other animal influenza surveillance and control. On swine and poultry farming in concentrated areas and farms, slaughterhouses, trading markets, and to focus on animal influenza epidemic monitoring and surveys, strict quarantine supervision. (8) in order to safeguard the prevention and control, the central financial arrangements billion earmarked funds. Local levels, the financial allocation of funds to. (IX) promote education and information to the public. Strengthening disease knowledge popularization, let the masses learn about influenza a (H1N1) is to prevent, controllable, treatable, timely perplexities for masses. To establish a strict information public release system, the first time in a timely and accurate manner to publish the latest information at home and abroad to enhance the transparency of the prevention and control, correct guide social media. (10) in patriotic health campaign to promote physical fitness, enhance national physical fitness and good health habits.

Carbon and oxygen Masimo on pulse oximetry new era

7 April, the Vatican's industrial co., Ltd. Shanghai organized about Masimo Radical-7 pulse, carbon and oxygen oxygen measuring user experience Conference.

At the Shanghai major hospitals in clinical studies, first aid, Anesthesiology 100 's together, on the "pulse of the hemoglobin monitoring and variation index monitoring progress" in conducting a heated discussion, Zhongshan hospital Anesthesiology Xue Zhang gang Professor, chaired the meeting.

From masimo Corporation of Angela, also at the meeting and introduce the masimo Corporation products and ideas, she said with more than 200 patents masimo Corporation has focused on human health.

Masimo Radical-7 pulse, carbon and oxygen oxygen measuring instrument is the world's first use of Masimo Rainbow SET technology-bedside monitor. Masimo Rainbow SET to launch in the United States in 2005, is the world's first and only FDA approved at the non-invasive continuous monitoring of carboxyhemoglobin (SpCO), iron and hemoglobin (SpMet), oximetry (SpO2), blood perfusion index (Perfusion Index) and pulse rate technology. For non-invasive measurement SpCO and SpMet provides unprecedented tool.

Ruijin hospital emergency Department of Professor Lu Ming, first of all to "blood hemoglobin and continuous monitoring in first aid and ICU of" as its theme for a special report.

Lu Professor shared trauma, and the accurate measurement of the oxygen balance and hemoglobin changes value is ideal for detecting trauma patients. He expressed the pulse oximetry monitoring of carbon and oxygen requires non-invasive, continuous, real-time, and Masimo Radical-7 enables non-invasive is, continuous, real-time these three standards. Masimo Corporation in 2007, the first episode of the Pleth variation index (PVI), in 2008 the first total hemoglobin (SpHb), Professor Lu, PVI fluid management in reducing postoperative risks, improve the prognosis, reduce heart lung complications and promote wound healing has considerable value. He also affirmed the value of the PVI, PVI is ideal for non-invasive monitoring tools, can be widely used in first aid, operating room and ICU. PVI could help doctors to optimize fluid management and improve treatment outcomes.

First people's Hospital, Professor of Anesthesiology foot pass and shared "hemoglobin monitoring and rational use of blood," he said to experience loss of treatment goals: maintaining circulation capacity; keep the oxygen carrying capacity; restoration of blood coagulation and inner environment.

Professor Li focused major surgery before and after serious patients hemoglobin monitoring, he thought the first Masimo Corporation in 2008 the total hemoglobin (SpHb) non-invasive monitoring as disease with severe illness estimated prognosis indicators, to strengthen major surgery with severe illness of control is of great significance.

Ruijin hospital anesthetic, Professor, Director of the cloth is made a summary of the workshop, he hoped that the various departments of the chief physician is not satisfied with the status quo, active learning of new technologies and new equipment.

Should have the courage to innovate, in medical posts a line on its own.

Based on ARM core of single realization of ECG testing module

As the clinical application of the electrocardiogram and the development of electronic technology, ECG as biomedical measurement in a more mature, more extensive technical, has gradually become a general clinical examination, and heart disease diagnosis, care, and pharmacology of played a very important role.

Current common ECG detection circuit for dual supply, this scenario requires a lot of power devices and large route, which will increase the cost of the product. This paper presents the design uses single supply, you can resolve these problems, and reduce product costs, while the design is also based on ARM core embedded system using a simple and practical algorithms that can quickly and accurately locate QRS complex wave (that is, man's heart rate). The design for the home user, small size, just need a personal computer connected to real-time operation and observation of the ECG.

ECG signal acquisition system's basic structure as shown in Figure 1.

The body of the ECG electrodes and dedicated lead wire from the human body sent to the system. By filtering and amplifying weak regulation circuit, ECG signal is amplified to a suitable value, and in A/D conversion.

Figure 1: ECG signal acquisition system infrastructure.

System control and data processing by ADI ARM7 TDMI kernel based MCU ADuC7020.

This chip has a wealth of on-chip peripheral circuits, processing speeds up 40MIPS, A/D conversion rate of up to 1MSPS, with very high performance-price ratio. Final results from the UART port ADuC7020 through to the computer, the computer through an interface by LabVIEW to write the results visually displayed or stored. Figure 2 is the basic hardware circuit diagrams.

Figure 2: basic hardware circuits.

From the human body or ECG signal generator on acquisition to the ECG signal amplitude between the 0.05 ~ 5mV (normally 2mV), frequency between the 0.05Hz ~ 75Hz.

ECG to buffered, matching resistor network, voltage amplifier and filter circuit, and several levels.

ECG first after a two-level RC low pass filter, into the buffer level.

Signal before entering the system, you need to get rid of high frequency components, so here's a cutoff frequency for 300Hz's low pass filter, to ensure 0.05 ~ 75Hz faint ECG not decay. Buffering level consists of a voltage follower components, which can enhance the entire amplifier input impedance, lower output impedance. In order to guarantee the consistency of the differential signal, should use integrated on the chip of the amplifier. Matched resistor networks typically use Wilson power Center side network that uses a specific electrical resistance network access Wilson Center side as the entire ECG system of reference point.

Filter amplifier with front-stage amplifier with differential negative feedback, use the ADI adjustable gain high common-mode rejection ratio of instrumentation amplifier AD8221 as front-stage amplifier.

The magnification is set to 8 times, by the formula k G = 49.4 Ω/R G + 1 calculated that RG is AD8221 two RG pin resistance value between.

The resistor should adopt high accuracy, low drift of metal film resistors, to ensure low noise performance AD8221.

AD8221 ref no grounding pin, which is a low-pass filter and constitute a negative feedback loop, so that we can effectively filter out the DC component, so that the voltage U1 Department are always clamped in 1.25V. Because it is a single supply, and different-lead ECG signal voltage there is a negative, so be sure to provide a suitable clamping voltage. ADuC7020 ad conversion mode voltage input range is 0-2.5V, here select intermediate values 1.25V as clamp voltage.

AD8221 output of single-ended signal amplitude is very small, mixed with a large number of interference for data processing.

After the class filter amplifier gain from a larger Active lowpass, adjustable gain. Different people is not the same as ECG signal strength, taking into account the attenuation, the gain is set to 150 times. System's transfer function is:

The two low-pass filter requires a low voltage offset, low temperature drift and low-noise characteristics, ADI's rail-to-rail input output dual operational amplifier AD8607 well meet these requirements.

As a result of the second level amplifier is RP-input, so the resulting signal is inverted, that can be made in the software.

From protecting patients and improve the system in terms of common-mode rejection ratio, common-mode signal must be reversed and zoom, and then back to the human body, so that the system and the body will comprise a voltage shunt negative feedback network, commonly referred to as the right leg drive circuit.

By ADuC7020 on the ECG for AD conversion, select the timer control in the ADC sampling mode. Once A/D conversion end interrupt trigger ADC, the interrupt service program on digital signal processing.

Handle the ECG signal lies on the ECG in the QRS complex wave of precise identification.

Normal QRS complex of width 0.06 to 0.10 seconds, and is not controlled by rhythm changes. For R-wave is very sharp features, we passed a sliding window determine signal peak and Valley meets the requirements, while acknowledging its whether time window. The signal amplitude threshold thresholding using double variable, which is set on a wave crest and trough threshold. If the peaks and valleys threshold in a reasonable time has a larger change, reset Peak threshold and Valley threshold. Here we will use the QRS complex wave positioning and arrhythmia calculation. On the start time of the signal only for RP and filter processing, this is to be inverted to recover of ECG andAvoid signal early fluctuations threshold. And then in a certain period of time, according to the sample data set Peak threshold Thpeak and Valley threshold THtrough and QRS positioning. Finally, follow the steps below (see Figure 3) for data processing.

Figure 3: the basic steps for data processing.

Read new sampling point Ni:

1) judgment sampling point of signal amplitude value is greater than Peak threshold Thpeak.

If not, go back to step 1).

2) If a condition is satisfied, the start count n = 1, and record the n value is peaktime1.

The time window starting side slip here.

3) continue to sample Ni + 1 per sampling time then n + 1.

4) judging new sampling point Ni + 1 is less than Valley threshold.

If not, go back to step 4).

5) if the sampling point is less than the threshold Thtrough, the Valley of the point of the n value is troughtime1.

6 judge both meet the amplitude of the signal point requirements at all times the difference between peaktime1 troughtime1 and whether a time window, which is less than the window width THtime.

If not less than THtime, return to step 1).

7) If true, then the signal is considered a QRS complex.

Peaktime1 is positioned as one of the R wave.

The position of the R wave, on the basis of statistical heart rate by following these steps: 1) to locate the first R-wave, and record the n value is peaktime1; 2) found the second R wave, and record the n value is peaktime2; 3) in accordance with the following formula to calculate the rhythm.

Practice has proved that with this algorithm the calculated rhythm accuracy is high, the calculation is simple, easy to implement, and eventually on PC observed ECG waveform and rhythm values.

Perspective of the ABCD IV medical device, look for the electronic technology for maximum value-

Electronic technology's contribution to medical science is obvious to all, who can envision the physician doctor without the aid of medical electronic devices is what status? e technology, extended or save human life for electronic engineer sense soar; at the same time, be able to make use of the medical industry is increasingly weak profits of electronic products to inject more added value is also extreme concern to manufacturers '.

Due to human security will have a direct or indirect impact on medical device product classification is set, the global coordination of the working group to develop a world wide standard medical equipment is divided into the following A, B, C, D grade: 4

A-level refers to when a failure occurs, the harm to the human body produces very low product, such as x-rays, scalpel, tweezers, stainless steel small appliances, and surgical non-woven cotton wool, gauze, medical, and surgical knife lighting equipment, special apparatus and Stomatology surgery microscope, home first aid bandage;

B level means less harmful products such as blood analyzers, x-ray diagnostic equipment, medical CT, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electronic thermometer, electronic sphygmomanometer, electronic stethoscope, electromagnetic blood flow, heart rate monitor, ECG, EEG, EMG, vital capacity meter, electronic lung capacity meter, Oximeter, endoscopy, Capsule Endoscope, blood cell counter, oxygen, low-frequency infrared treatment instrument, medical equipment, microwave treatment instrument, ultrasonic therapy equipment, home electronic Massager, hearing aids, etc.;

C is more risky products, such as continuous blood glucose meter, dialyzer, artificial heart lung machine blood pumps, ventilators, implanted hearing aids, heart defibrillator, extracorporeal cardiac pacemaker, infusion pumps, selves testing glucose meter, etc.

D is the implantable cardiac pacemaker, implantable defibrillators, implantable syringe, implantable aided artificial heart system high risk products.

In this four-level, B, C, D-level needs to be involved in electronic technology, and obviously, the higher the risk level of the product on electronic technology requirements are higher, appropriate, and constantly update the breakthrough of electronic technology to drive the few areas of innovation.

Higher accuracy, smaller medical imaging

A combination of optical, electronic, biomedical technologies, Biomedical Optics in B-class medical-grade equipment is very wide, and covers the optical treatment, medical imaging and Bio-sensing, main applications include clinical lesion of early diagnosis and monitoring, or light guide, inspire-related diseases.

It is estimated that sales of related products for the year 2010 is expected to achieve global 598 billion, accounting for 22% of medical equipment.

From a specific product, from the x-rays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Masako tomography Imaging (PET), CT, ultrasound, radiotherapy, Photodynamic therapy, physiological signal monitoring, in vitro diagnostic and biochips are included in the areas of bio-medical electronics.

The application of the previous types of imaging technology is the overall medical technology market share of the largest areas of development is more mature and competitive, as market demand gap, not only renowned international manufacturers and local manufacturers competition is quite intense, more manufacturers are constantly trying to enters that area.

Continuously improve the resolution and continuously reduce the volume of the device is a medical imaging two major trends in the field of the new system-on-demand means that the analog semiconductor manufacturers have developed ground-breaking Foundation IC, active semiconductor manufacturers to introduce their products, such as TI for ultrasonic imaging applications AFE58XX analog front end series, ADI for CT applications by Xilinx and Altera ADAS1128, etc for high-resolution image processing and high performance data analysis of FPGA, Austria microelectronics for DR and CT applications of high precision amplifier and sensors.

In addition to using optical imaging technology, innovation can be ingested by endoscopy (also known as capsule endoscopy) broke the inherent shortcomings of conventional endoscopy, which can effectively be human image back to the outside.

Latest capsule endoscopy to sensors and circuits placed in capsules, when patients swallow the capsule will after in vivo and 360 ° rotation, plus the circuit containing for lighting of the led, can be effective in vivo images back to the external device. But the technology is still in its infancy, the future of universal also need cost and performance improvements.

Science fiction-like legendary implantation techniques

Let the MEMS applications fiery is consumer electronics, medical and diagnostic equipment for MEMS applications provides a larger arena.

More and more applications creativity will MEMS technology and medical perfect together, and thus the benefit of mankind. Than the Ruyi method Semiconductor for Switzerland Sensimed AG designed a MEMS sensor embedded wireless, embedded with a contact lens micro strain gauge continuously over a period of time (usually 24 hours) monitoring the curvature of the eyes, in addition to the lens also embedded antenna, mini specialized processing circuits and sent to the receiver RF transmitter measurement data.

In the application of bio-medical MEMS has also been in actual growth in clinical medicine use sensors and intelligent control technology for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis and heart disease, heart of incentives and dredging.

Innovation application including a revolutionary Proteus Biomedical company: implanted electrodes, it can stimulate the heart within different cavity location make them for synchronization or synchronization heart treatment. Its core technology is manufactured using a chip scale package technology, mm level dimensions of MEMS sensor and processor packaging system in the body's internal use, and can be maintained for many years, to avoid the traditional must use more insert catheter to stimulate the heart of different locations.

Implantation techniques like science fiction as legend, belonged to the risk level of C and D class equipment.

The implantation of the product categories for heart disease treatment and next will focus on in the brain, such as electronic nerve stimulation device therapy from drug addiction to epilepsy, Parkinson's disease and depression and other disorders.In fact, at this stage the world about one third of the health problems associated with neural areas. Large Medtronic pacemaker companies have developed for the treatment of Parkinson's and other minor diseases of equipment, and is developing a series of neural implant products.

Dependent on the progress of electronic technology, global medical electronics field are examples of the continuing innovation, future medical and Electronics will more closely, thus creating a stronger, more innovative medical devices.

Our heavy ion deep cancer therapy clinical trial study starts

Recently, in the shallow tumor therapy clinical trial success based on the Chinese heavy ions in the treatment of cancer has made new progress, deep cancer therapy clinical trial study in modern physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

As of April 3, already have signed more than patients in clinical trials began in zhiyuanshu based in modern physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences of the Gansu province in heavy ion beam therapy cancer clinical research base to begin treatment. "The clinical trials still by Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of modern physics and Lanzhou in Gansu province Cancer Hospital, Lanzhou Institute and other medical institutions, and the original combination of depth less than 2.5 cm of shallow cancer treatment trials, this is the depth of greater than 2.5 cm deep cancer clinical trials. "Modern physics, Chinese Academy of science and technology Deputy Commissioner Huzheng countries said. In November 2006, the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of modern physics and local health agencies to begin heavy ion shallow tumor therapy clinical trial research. Huzheng States that "has a 8 103 cases of shallow cancer clinical trials, efficacy was significant, indicating that the Chinese in heavy ion superficial treatment of human cancer clinical trial on the initial success. "In 2008, the new heavy-ion accelerator of Lanzhou cooling storage ring provides high energy heavy-ion beam treatment of deep tumor treatment Terminal in Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of modern physics is built, and completed a beam test and the first cell and animal studies. Recently started heavy ion deep cancer therapy clinical trial research is on that basis.

Treatment of malignant tumours is haunting the world challenge.

Doctor of general use, though in the radiotherapy of cancer treatment on some show good results, but there is an obvious side effect, but in the course of treatment, will give the affected the surrounding healthy tissue causing greater damage. Unlike traditional radiation therapy for cancer e, X, compared to conventional x-ray, heavy ion beam with radiation damage to healthy tissue, the treatment course short, light cure rates high.

International advanced medical electronic technology is accelerating development (1)

Imagine this scene: a heart disease in the lungs is constantly producing effusion, this is the early symptoms of heart failure.

While the patient of an implantable sensor medical equipment through a Bluetooth enabled mobile phones at the same time with the patient and his doctors send signals to remind potential danger. Daydreaming?. This technology actually exists and is constantly improving, and the lack of a support infrastructure.

InCube company founders Mir Imran recently in Las Vegas 2009 International Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in a medical electronic discussion groups described above.

The participants discussed the implantable device of great potential, they can precisely and quickly monitoring and treatment is located anywhere in the world of chronic * disease patients, such as heart disease, epilepsy, diabetes and Parkinson's syndrome, etc.

In addition to the sensor implant, there are many more steps to improve people's health-care level.

Like insulin pumps and other equipment are already very mature, can offer services for all organs. Implantable Visual systems have also made significant progress. Micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) nervous system implantation is providing human how to conduct large amounts of information.

Used for the diagnosis and treatment of many health problems of tools are being rapidly improved.

Some surgical instruments can be accessed through the catheter body almost every section. Sustained-release drug capsules are becoming more efficient, and enhanced diagnostic and therapeutic effect. External device can be worn on the treatment of applications is also very important, and lab-on-chip devices can quickly sampling, diagnosis and reporting of important medical tizheng patients.

Healthcare technology can meet the emergency needs.

Worldwide approximately 80% of healthcare costs for treatment of chronic diseases of the elderly. Approximately 6 million patients suffer from chronic diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), congestive heart failure and epilepsy-mental disorders etc. Longer life, lack of health care professionals and health care costs spiraling makes the situation worse.

"Single United States healthcare market on tat 2.5 trillion.

"Diamond Management & Technology Consultants company analyst Andrew Rocklin said," anyone not want to participate in this market will lose significant revenue potential. "But the effectiveness of the techniques demonstrated before a series of obstacles must be overcome, one of which is the healthcare system, including the United States and around the world, the need for a thorough reform.

Diabetes and heart disease Papuans

Debiotech company and ST (STMicrolectronics) jointly announced the company has developed the first disposable insulin pump Tablet prototype (Figure 1).

The use of Microfluidic MEMS technology of nano-pump has passed the initial testing stages, and since last summer started the mass production. Its size is the original one-fourth of the insulin pump equipment, worn on the skin is almost invisible.

This Nano pump use of continuous subcutaneous insulin injection (CSII) technology perfectly simulate the secretion of insulin by the pancreas, the simultaneous detection of naturally affect patient safety potential pump failure.

According to the two companies, and several times a day you must make separate insulin injection, it costs less, is a more attractive alternative technologies.

University of Michigan researchers Mark Meyerhoff is helping United States * military research laboratory develops implantable glucose sensor of subcutaneous, this sensor can real-time monitoring diabetes symptoms.

His use of polymers to the birth of low concentration of nitric oxide. As a surgical implant type current meter glucose sensor outer envelope, these materials have better bio-compatibility, because they can reduce the implantation of inflammation caused by the sensor. Cardiovascular disease is the cause of death and disability of the common factors. United States-third of deaths by including arrhythmia, heart disease, which would also encourage people to develop medical monitoring equipment and tools. Belgium IMEC company design wireless electrocardiogram (ECG) disk monitor is a device (Figure 2).

Shanghai medical information: pioneer of considerations (1)

How to convert all kinds of medical institutions to consolidate information systems, breaking information Islands, has been the medical industry information most headache problem.

In the new round of health care reform, cross-sector information system will become the innovation system. But how information technology can be used?

Building the patient-centric cross-hospital clinical information sharing system, through technical innovation, top-level design created a large hospital as well as vertical integration of information sharing and collaborative service mode.

Shanghai "hospital with a project" to clinical information sharing as a breakthrough, mitigation "costlier" issue, is an important medical reform initiatives and innovative mode of practice.

Suddenly as a night of spring.

Hospital correct respectable unprecedented powerful potential intervention medical information. Medical, this is the most recognized information sector hard nut to crack, what will happen?

The doctor without long waiting in the team, each time a referral without holding a stack of patient records, doctors in the diagnosis and treatment process can be intelligently medication safety reminder ...

This wonderful social scenes in Shanghai is well underway for the construction of the "hospital with the project" Chiang Kai-shek is becoming a reality.

Break between tangible and intangible hospital barriers, allowing isolated resource flows through the medical information for hospital information shared between, dredge limited medical resource provides collaborative services, Shanghai medical service will enter a new era of "intelligent networks".

Shanghai hospital with engineering covers Shanghai Shen Kang hospital development centre (hereinafter referred to as Shen Kang Center) belongs to the municipality of 23 three hospitals, using information technology to the hospital patients seeking information link to avoid unnecessary duplication of inspection, testing and medication, thereby significantly reducing the cost of medical treatment, palliative patients "difficulty, expensive" issue.

Shen Kang Centre is a public hospital reform Mo separately, as the pioneer of Shanghai Municipal Government of construction requirements, performed the duties of investor-owned asset, the municipal hospital in the State-owned assets investment, management, operation of duty and the responsibility of the Government of the construction.

In September 2005, Shen Kang AECT started brewing implementation hospital with projects, implementation of respective medical institutions clinical information sharing on the limited use of medical resources for consolidation. In October 2006, Shen Kang Center was the first launch Shanghai hospital with engineering system construction; in 2007, in Shanghai Science and Technology Commission of the Organization, and Wanda information co., Ltd., Ruijin hospital, changning district community health centre, zhabei district community health services administration Center, and other units with the application is a science and Technology Department of the "eleventh five-year" national science supported project support. After three years of construction, the project has achieved a 23 three hospitals and six branch of lateral sharing of medical information, and with the Shanghai changning, Minhang, Luwan, zhabei district-level health information on four platforms to achieve vertical Internet for horizontal and vertical two aspects of information exchange and business collaboration to build bridges to the new birth of healthcare service model laid the Foundation for information technology.

Forearmed, not pre is not set.

In the face of each hospital information system status of heterogeneous strong, Shanghai Science and Technology Commission works to promote the hospital with a well-planned layout: 2005 soft subjects on Hospital heterogeneous systems interconnection issues research; in 2006, in a single hospital applied digital health support platform (DOP) consolidation Yan Chai Hospital various heterogeneous systems of diagnosis and treatment of data, and then in Yueyang hospital, feikeyiyuan and children Medical Center application, after intensive Internet upload data to the hospital with Centre; 2006 over the same period in changning district implements regional medical information consolidation and sharing; 2007 organized Shanghai advantages apply to the Ministry of science and technology units to support projects; 2009 layout related topics to deepen the use of Internet sharing of medical information, provide the public with full health services and collaborative health care services. The layout of these projects, effectively supporting the Shanghai Municipal Hospital with works of construction.

The wisdom of the medical

Shanghai hospital with engineering focuses on integration of third-level hospital medical resources, share information, services, core is the benefit of people's livelihood.

This year's 65-year-old aunt is "three dry high" crowd.

15 years, she has been regularly to the city level designated hospitals for treatment. The long wait, complex registration consultation processes and billing, take medicine, iterative, traffic congestion, stairs and queued for old she became frustration.

Today, the stem of aunt himself Luwan district community health centers doctor, general practitioner community has long since passed the EHR (electronic health records) won her basic health records and personal information.

Through the initial diagnosis, the doctor advised her to tertiary hospital for further examination and confirmed, and through the hospital with engineering platform to issue electronic referral Ruijin hospital, direct booking the hospital's outpatient and biochemical and Imaging tests, aunt you no longer have to queue up clinic as before.

Stem aunt took 23 three accredited hospital hospital unified lianka, Ruijin hospital, clinic doctors through the hospital with a platform of "doctor workstation" will be able to directly access to her past in many hospitals do Biochemistry and radiology test report, direct diagnosis and prescription.

Convenient treatment processes, accurate diagnosis and treatment for dry aunt laugh-by-Word, and finally solved her broken heart for many years.

Use C # the development of electronic medical record system temperature graph

EMR (Electronic Medical Record, EMR) system is a digital technology, computer technology, communications technology, software engineering, technical, and other graphic images integrated multidisciplinary, high-tech projects.

The complete data, data processing, network transport, medical support, statistical analysis, etc. are all paper records.

Temperature is the electronic medical record system an important data, such as a patient's body temperature rises could allow clinicians to know the symptoms of patients with fever.

In the electronic medical record system, temperature single against user is hospital nurse. Nurses daily records of the patient's temperature, and other information, entry to the database, the system automatically generates single-electron temperature and draw a graph. Temperature graphs visually displays the patient's temperature, and other related data, and related diseases and to treat the combination of knowledge, as further diagnosis and determine treatment options.

I participate in the development of electronic medical record system under a large hospital's actual demand, on the .NET platform using C # language throughout development.

This article focuses on electronic medical record system temperature curve of the design and implementation.

1 the main function of electronic medical records system

This system according to the actual needs of the hospital, the main purpose is to capture patient data, so that it can provide clinicians with the diagnosis and decision-making information, further to the information to be used in clinical research.

System main features as shown in Figure 1.

2 temperature curve design and implementation of

2.1 thermometer generation

In the electronic medical record system, each hospital treatment of the patient in the hospital during a medical record number, this is a sign of patients determine code, usually in the database system as only the corresponding codes and keywords.

The patient's home nurses to patients for temperature, pulse, respiration, and various aspects of testing, will these data entry to electronic medical records system, the system automatically generates a single body temperature.

In the patient's temperature single, you need to record and analyze the patient's temperature transformation.

Temperature single information "temperature" and "pulse" and "breathe" the information to every 4 hours recording time, at 4 pm, 8 pm, 12, 16, 20, 24, when the time period. The "stool frequency," "the number or volume of urine" and "comprebensive" and "emissions" and "blood", "weight" and other information is recorded once a day. According to body temperature single information to 1 day to 1 unit, draw 1 days patients in various time periods of "temperature" and "pulse" and "breathing" of the curve changes, as well as record number of the "stool", "the number or volume of urine" and "consumption" and "emissions" and "blood", "weight" and other information. Whole body temperature chart 1 shows only 7 days. In your diagram with coordinates and curve describes the patient's temperature of continuous changes visually satisfying nurse to patient's temperature, respiration, pulse, and other information published and query needs. Figure 2 is a temperature single display interface.

2.2 temperature mapping

Temperature chart is based on the temperature of the auto-generated data.

Since the temperature chart show the patient at a time 7 days temperature changes, so the design of the page, on the length of time the patient through the page each time you skip 7 days to ensure the patient's temperature display of information integrity.

2.2.1 C # GDI + drawing

Temperature mapping from .NET base class set up GDI + implementation, the base class can be used to complete the custom drawing on the screen, the appropriate directive is sent to the graphic device driver, make sure that the display screen shows the correct output.

In GDI, identify the output device is to use object device context (DC).

The object stores information about a specific device, and can convert GDI API function calls to send to the device for instructions. Implementation of the function you want to use Paint to a GDI + drawing technique. By overriding the OnPaint Form class (PaintEventArgs e) to perform drawing operations.

In OnPaint (), the first reference from the PaintEventArgs in the paint graphics Graphics object.

Finally, call the base class's OnPaint () method.

When the application first starts, the first time a window appears, call the OnPaint (), there is no need in the constructor copies the drawing code.

Because the entire body figure comparison, but display window classified as 800 × 600, in order to be able to complete display temperature graph document, the document is out of the window, the notification window scroll bars appear in the right hand side.

To this end, the entire document as a range (1 800, 886) pixels, and in the form designer in the properties of the AutoScroll property is set to True. In this way, when the temperature chart more than window scroll bars automatically appear.

2.2.2 absolute coordinates to the relative coordinates transformation

In general the drawing code, because the rendering of the graphics area is less than the size of the window, there is no need for special attention.

Graphics instance by default is the coordinates are interpreted as relative to the window, it does not know the scroll bar. When you slide the scroll bars, Windows does not require the application to redraw the already displayed on the screen. Windows only pointed out the screen currently displayed content can smooth move to match the position of the scroll bar. For extra document parts in applications is first displayed, there is no draw that portion of the window, because in the scroll window, this part of the window area outside. This means that Windows requires ScrollShapeS application draws the region. It raises the paint event, put this region as cut a rectangle, in window and original graphic is displayed, it will appear a window with multiple graphics overlap, resulting in a graphic confusion.

The solution is to put the Graphics instance with the default coordinates to the coordinates relative to the coordinates that are relative to the upper-left corner of the window, not the upper-left corner of the start of the document, the absolute coordinates converted to relative coordinates.

Here in Figure 3 shows this conversion.

Solid rectangle marked with a screen area of borders and the border of the entire document.

The dotted rectangle marked attempt to draw a rectangle and ellipse. P tags to draw a random point. When you call drawing methods, providing the Graphics instance and from A point into a vector P point, the whole vector is represented as a Ponit instance. But actually need is from point B to point P of the vector. The problem is that here only know from A point into a vector point P, P relative to the coordinates of the upper-left corner of the document, and to document the P points drawing. Also know from point a to point b, of the vector is scrolled, it is stored in a property of the Form class AutoScrollPosition. Want to know from point b to point vector P only require vector subtraction. Graphics class of the TranslateTransform method can make these vector calculation. Here it transmit horizontal and vertical coordinates representing Windows drive gone, and the upper-left corner of the relative to the upper-left corner of the document of the vector (AutoScrollPosition property, it is a figure from a to B vector), and Graphics device considered window area relative to the document area, dealing with these coordinates. As long as the drawing code by adding the following statement: g.TranslateTransform (this.autoscrollpositiort.x this.autoscrollposition.y); you can solve the problem of transformation.

2.2.3 temperature diagram rendering technology

Temperature mapping according to body temperature in patient related information, using only C # GDI + to draw out the appropriate temperature graphs.

In the program first absolute coordinate and relative coordinate transformation, and then use the Pen class defines the brush, Brush class defines the brush color, for the need to fill in with a brush to fill, and then call the DrawLine method of the Graphics class to draw the line. In the DrawLine method, you offer the brush type, the segment start and end points coordinates and other parameters.

Temperature graph after initialization, according to pass from the thermometer of the patient number as your global variables in the diagram, the database query and the query results are converted to a coordinate, passed to the draw method of the DrawLine and FillEllipse, draw graphics.

Figure 4 is a temperature graph display interface.

2.2.4 temperature diagram page implementation

Because every time the body temperature chart only shows patients 1 week temperature conversion information, to display the 1 week prior to your information, you can use page functions.

The page features implemented using mainly used when reading data to Read () method. By Read () method to read data while the current pointer down one bit. Initially it is located in the data set before the first row, the first call to Read () will put the pointer on the first line, making it the current row. With each call to Read () causes the pointer to move down from the top down in order to obtain the dataset row. Code is as follows:

Where the variable n is the global variable from the scrolling buttons to be assigned.

To the current variable n minus 1 x 7 is required to skip the number of intervals, to date, the date for the data set filter, elects this week for the date stored in the array array.

3 conclusion

Electronic medical record is the hospital information development trend.

According to the requirements of the standardized HL7, the current domestic electronic medical research is far from perfect, it is necessary to work out perfect adaptation to the domestic use of hospital electronic medical record system also needs further study. This article on using C # drawing electronic medical record system temperature graph technology, tried to improve the electronic medical record system do useful attempt. Electronic medical record system-related research will be evolving and in-depth, and electronic medical record technology architecture and software process will become more and more mature.

Use of high-performance ADC creates a new magnetic resonance imaging of the send/receive architecture (1)

Summary: this article discusses magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system works, the systematic use of hydrogen atoms in the magnetic field of the movement to form a clear medical images.

The article describes a typical magnetic field type and current high-resolution MRI system relies on superconducting magnets. This article also discusses appropriate arrange gradient coil formation process of 3D image and they and the interaction between the RF signal, MRI System block diagram.

Overview

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system to provide a clear image of human tissue, System testing and treatment of hydrogen atoms in strong magnetic field resonance magnetic excitation in pulse fired the generated signal.

Hydrogen nuclei spin campaign determines its own intrinsic magnetic moment, in strong magnetic field, the hydrogen atoms are aligned.

Simplicity, you can put a static magnetic field of the hydrogen atom as a tensioning rope. Nucleus has a resonance frequency or "Larmor frequency", depending on local magnetic field strength. Like a rope under tension in external resonance occurs. In a typical 1.5T MRI magnetic field, the resonance frequency of the hydrogen atom to 64MHz.

Appropriate magnetic resonance excitation or RF Pulse excitation (frequency equal to hydrogen nuclei resonance frequency) to force the nuclear magnetic moment some or all of the effects of magnetic field is offset to the vertical plane.

Stop motivation, nuclear magnetic moment will be restored to the condition of a static magnetic field. Atomic nucleus in rearranging of release energy in the process, the resonance frequency (depending on field strength) of RF signals, MRI imaging system on the signal to be detected and form an image.

MRI imaging system block diagram

Who indicated that they will soon announce the arrival of an influenza pandemic

The World Health Organization (WHO), Assistant Director-General, Fukuda said on 9 November, WHO increasingly approaching announced an influenza pandemic, but first want to make sure that all is ready, avoid panic.

Fukuda on influenza a H1N1 influenza virus continues to spread.

Following the outbreak of April in North America, Australia after extensive outbreaks have been around 1000 cases.

Outside North America confirmed large crowd diffusion, will promote flu alert level from the current 5-level rose to the top-grade 6.

Fukuda said in a conference call: "in the past few days the situation varies greatly, very close to the influenza pandemic, or we are increasingly approaching announced a flu pandemic.

”

He said it would alert level to 6-level description of a new influenza spread of geographic range.

"This does not mean that the severity of the situation, or had serious increase in the number and proportion of increase than now.

”

In his view, declare influenza pandemic is not merely made an announcement that simple.

Who must ensure that countries have the capacity to cope with new situations, properly handle public reactions.

"One of the key problem is that we want people to know that after an influenza pandemic will not be ' excessive panic '.

We want them to know that the current outbreak is still relatively modest and so on. ”

He stated that who and its 193 Member States is intensifying the measures taken, such as the development of vaccines, antiviral stockpiling.

Semiconductor technology for next-generation medical equipment research and development (1)

Semiconductor company developed cutting-edge technology allows engineers to design can improve human health conditions of equipment.

Rapidly rising health care costs, obesity and chronic diseases of all kinds, as well as popular, the large increase in the elderly population, all of these factors on those users affordable and reliable to various medical equipment needs gradually increase, including patient care equipment, medical imaging equipment, as well as a variety of inspection instruments. In modern history, never to be what it is today, the semiconductor industry is for various medical device development paving, save countless lives, while also significantly reducing healthcare costs.

Previous major medical device has been redesigned into today's portable devices, some devices like mobile phones, size and even smaller.

But like the ultrasonic system for medical devices of this kind can only be used in the past, hospitals and medical clinics in big cities, and now has spread to rural small medical clinics and ambulances. With medical equipment of miniaturization and portable requirements evolve, in order to support including weight and more light and smaller portable systems, such as the next generation of medical devices, semiconductor manufacturers face huge challenges, they must develop integrated chip.

Patient monitoring system

Regardless of the patients in hospitals, care facilities for the continuous observation of critically ill patients, and the cost to less than traditional bed care system.

Usually the patient monitoring system including EKG (electrocardiogram), blood pressure, body temperature, blood oxygen saturation and respiration monitoring system, sometimes also includes AED (automated electric shock defibrillator) functionality in these systems often contain a high resolution ADC (ADC), low noise amplifier, instrument amplifier, and have been adopted in this field for many years in various combinations of analog functions. These are mature, high-performance system, major semiconductor manufacturers to put a lot of research and development of many innovative chip.

In these systems are equipped with the ward at the same time, they are also becoming more and more small, or even be able to fly to the patient's belt.

In the near future, EKG, blood pressure and activity monitoring with wireless communication technology that allows patients to stay in their homes, and patient safety key signs and reliable real-time monitoring, which will substantially reduce the total cost of care.

As the baby boom era was born people gradually entered the aging, need special care of the increasing number of elderly, home monitoring devices demand is rapidly increasing.

According to the World Health Organization information on the 2006 global 60 years of ageing population has reached 6.5 billion. By 2025, the figure is expected to be increased to 12 million. In the United States, 65 years and older population in the total population is already occupy a larger proportion than ever before, but in the 21st century will be steady growth.

"Because of the growing ageing population, chronic disease care costs will be fast growth," ADI Healthcare Division of global strategic marketing manager Paul Errico said, "today is home to the design of medical devices to be able to monitor blood pressure, blood sugar levels and heart rate, when the device appears in the doctor's warning.

This will eliminate or reduce patient frequently go to the clinic or hospital doctor's fees, resulting from the doctor or hospital for further patients bring Gospel. ”

To become a major component of health care management, patient monitoring systems and other equipment, as well as other essential patient information resources to achieve full interoperability.

Despite extensive interoperability also failed to materialize, but this has become a medical and information technology industries need to give priority to solving the problem. For example, a company named Continua Health Alliance organization is working with the technology industry, the medical equipment industry and the healthcare industry's leading enterprise cooperation in order to establish an interoperability solution system.

Medical imaging

As technology continues to improve, including CT (computer x-ray tomography) scanners, and ultrasound systems, medical imaging applications continue to grow, thus doctor's analysis and Diagnostics provide clearer and more precise image of the human body.

In the field of medical imaging, a single system of number of channels increasing, rendered fast also focus on semiconductor companies to improve integration and reduce power consumption, and lower the cost of each channel. Ultrasound, CT, MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) and PET (positron emission tomography scanners), etc, all of these high performance systems are driving the standard device in power, speed, accuracy and dynamic range wait performance progress.

RFID smart labels help monitoring patient medication

Wakefield Rex Cancer Center will now proceed to evaluate a suite and phone drug monitoring system-use of RFID smart labels, DOTmed reports.

The system will mobile phone into a drugs detectors, from pharmaceutical packaging of RFID tag read data.

Real-time, wireless mobile phones to gather information to help confirm the patient at the right time to take the right medicines, at the same time, monitor any possible side-effects.

Data sent to a secure server for clinical view and send alerts, if drug loss timely intervention.

If patients stop taking drugs or less than the required dosage, hospitals can also be detected in time to avoid a greater health risk.

Implantable artificial heart pacemaker application and future development

1. Introduction to the normal case, the heart of the sinus node right Atria can automatically, rhythmically emits electrical impulses through cardiac nerve conduction system from different parts of the heart to issue instructions to make myocardial contractility, heartbeat, blood pumping to the whole body. If myocardial nerve conduction system disorder or sinus, atrial sinus knot cannot regularly issued electrical impulses, download electrical pulse, heart arrhythmia occurs, even beating, endangering the lives of patients. Artificial cardiac pacemakers can sick heart as needed according to the need to give a direct electric stimulation, the heartbeat is normal. Pacemaker in form can be divided into external temporary pacing and implantable (or permanent or buried), the former for emergency treatment of temporary pacing, pacing the latter for the long-term. This article primarily discusses implantable artificial heart pacemaker, namely the general sense of the pacemaker. 2. artificial heart pacemaker principle and construct artificial heart pacemaker is a very delicate and reliable with high levels of electrical impulses stimulate is applied must have type of pacemaker pulse generator, and a specially crafted wire (i.e.: pacing catheter electrode) connection, and send electric pulse pacemaker stimulates heart so excited cannot or conduction of cardiac stress and pacing of medical electronic devices. Artificial heart pacemaker mainly consists of two parts: (1) pacing catheter electrode: it will pacemaker output signal lead to myocardial for pacing, on the other hand will feel the heart beat of the signal itself (cavity ECG ICG) feedback to the pacemaker to control the issuance of pacemaker pulse. It is the endocardium electrode, from early development to dual single-pole, or even more extreme. As a long-term pacing catheter electrode must be good with biocompatibility, good toughness, anti aging, corrosion-resistant materials. Electrode wire usually aier near alloy (Elgiloy) or nickel-cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy wire-wound into a spiral pipe. Conductor outer insulation materials are selected high-purity silicon rubber or medical polyurethane [3]. Electrode head of materials to surface activation isotropic carbon low temperature pyrolysis or Platinum. (2) pacemaker pulse generator: it consists of pacing circuits, battery and metal casing. Pacemaker energy required is small size, large capacity, slow release energy, sealing performance and reliable battery, at home and abroad the implantable pacemaker commonly used lithium-iodine battery so that the pacemaker continuous life reaches more than 10 years. Since titanium biocompatibility, no rust, so the current pacemaker shell are made from titanium materials stretch forming, ministries to larger circular connection, using laser welding for package [1]. From the 1980s onwards pacing circuit began to manufacture commonly adopted integrated circuit maker main circuit; and CMOS ASIC pacing chip and resistors, capacitors, Reed pipe, and other electronic components together installed on ceramic substrate constitute hybrid (Hybrid) thick film IC as a standard part of pacemaker circuit [3]. 3. artificial heart pacemaker indications (1) height or complete atrioventricular block with Ah-syndrome or syncope episode. Asymptomatic, heart rate less than 50 times/min or QRS spacious malformations and ventricular arrest ＞ 2 seconds as a relative indication. (2) complete or incomplete third bundle branch and double beam branch block with intermittent or paroxysmal complete atrioventricular block, or ventricular rate "4O/min;-bundle branch block with Ah-syndrome or syncope episode; completeness of alternating left and right bundle branch block, his figure confirmed H-V extension. (3) second degree ⅱ atrioventricular block with ' a ' syndrome or syncope episode. Sustained second-degree ⅱ atrioventricular block, ventricular rate less than 5O times per minute without symptoms as relative indications. (4) sick sinus syndrome has the following features: serious sinus bradycardia, ventricular rate "45 times per minute, seriously affect the organ blood supply, heart failure, angina pectoris, dizziness, black; bradycardia, and sinus or sinus room block, r-r interval ＞ 2 seconds with syncope or Al-Syndrome outbreak; bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome have syncope or Al-Syndrome outbreak. (5) use of tachycardia pacemaker or defibrillator, ectopic tachyarrhythmia drug treatment is not valid. (6) recurrent sinus syncope carotid arteries and heart beating. 4. artificial heart pacemaker ' development history and current status of artificial heart pacemaker clinic, the widely used drug for invalid severe arrhythmia patients get treatment, significantly reducing cardiovascular disease mortality, is the modern biomedical engineering for humanity a significant contribution. In 1932, United States of thoracic surgeon Hyman invented the first electric by clockwork-driven pulse generator, with two needle puncture Atrium makes the beating heart complex jumps, he named the artificial heart pacemaker (Artificial Pacemaker), thereby creating an artificial heart pacemaker great era of cardiac arrhythmias. Pacemaker clinic is really used in 1952. United States physician Zoll in vitro pacemakers, carries on the artificial stimulation of the thoracic cardiac pacing, where the two are on the verge of death, heart block, thereby promoting a pacemaker in clinical applications and development. Sweden 1958, 1960, the United States Elmgrist Greatbatch respectively inventions and clinical application of the implantable cardiac pacemaker. From pacemakers to implantable artificial heart pacemaker era, toward the long life, high reliability, lightweight, compact and functional direction. Early pacemaker is natural frequency (or non-synchronous), only rescue and treatment of persistent atrioventricular block, sick sinus syndrome, syndrome, intermittent bradycardia does not apply and cannot be synchronized with the patients own rhythm, ventricular competition occurs causing more serious arrhythmias. To this end, in the mid-1960s has a synchronous pacemakers, which houses the synchronization triggers-(VAT) pacemaker is specifically used to atrioventricular block, and ventricular on-demand (VVI) is at home and abroad the most common cardiac pacemakers. In order for the pacing and cardiac own pacing feature close [1] [3], have appeared in the 1970s and was more in line with the accessory order onwardsBo's dual Chamber pacemaker (DVI), and be able to treat a variety of versatile bradycardia pacemakers (DDD). At this point, the pacemaker's basic treatment has been developed completely. In the 20th century 80 's, the lightening pacemaker in addition, the miniaturization of improvement, a program control and telemetry functions, use external program (Programmer) is available on the implantation of pacemaker for pacing mode, frequency, amplitude, pulse width, perceived sensitivity, refractory period, A-V programmable delay parameter; you can also work on the pacemaker, the status monitor will work parameters, battery consumption, myocardial impedance, information and even the intracardiac ECG, the pacemaker is sent to the external program of Telemetry receiver for display [3]. 1990s, pacemaker and anti-tachycardia and develop better suited to the physiological changes of human activity has made progress, there has been resistance to tachycardia Adaptive pacing and frequency of pacemakers (DDDR), artificial heart pacemaker be dealing with fatal arrhythmia effective weapons. With the development of science and technology, now has more performance of biventricular/double atrial synchronous three Chamber pacemaker and defibrillator function with the pacemaker. 5. artificial heart pacemaker identification code North America pacing and Electrophysiology (NASPE) and the United Kingdom pacing and Electrophysiology Organization (BPEG) to table 1 for the identification of encoding. Generally use the first three identification number recognition pacemaker pacing cavity, the cavity and the perception of perception (P or R-wave, or both) of the response mode. Choose from a fourth location represents one of the two different functions: a program-controlled capacity or frequency Adaptive pacing. P represents the one or two simple programmable function; M-controlled, representing a wide range of features, including models, period, pulse width sensitivity and perception. C indicate information delivery or through one or more of the physiological variables measurement for Adaptive pacing frequency control. The fifth bit indicates special features of tachyarrhythmia: P representative against tachyarrhythmia ventricular pacing, S represents the complex or defibrillation electric shock, d double feature (pacing and shock). In all locations, O specify generic or features are not provided. Table 1: NASPE/BPEG (NBG) pacemaker identification code [2]-the first letter of the second letter of the first three letters of the fourth letter of the first five letters of the classification pacing Chamber perception Chamber response mode programmable frequency response telemetry function of tachycardia and defibrillator function letter v = atrial ventricular A = D = dual Chamber S = single V = A = atrial-ventricular O = no D = dual Chamber S = single I = inhibit T = trigger O = no D = double P = simple programming M = multi-function programmable C = telemetry frequency response R = O = no P = anti-tachycardia pacing S = electrical cardioversion D = P + S 6. artificial heart pacemaker's future after decades of development, the implantable cardiac pacemaker has not only applied to the treatment of heart block, slow-fast syndrome, severe arrhythmia, along with its many new therapeutic effect. These new indications are: orthostatic hypotension, malignant neural cardiac syncope (vasovagal), congenital Q-T interval syndrome and simple PR interval prolongation. They will be the pacemaker application of one of the future direction. A low-power microprocessor chip as a core part of pacemaker circuit, will enable the performance of the pacemaker circuit to modify the software, will change the current full customization (ASIC) design, every improvement is a lot of resources and time, will significantly reduce new pacemaker circuit development cycle and costs. As computer technology, telemetry, the development of new technologies, future may appear fully automated pacemaker. This automation of pulse generator according to patient electrophysiology of basic situation automatically adapt, with time cycle of analysis, sensor input and automatically interpret the stored information to determine the most appropriate pacing mode. Pacemaker to automated determination of atrial and ventricular pacing and perception threshold and, depending on the sensor information automatically programmed basic frequency [4]. 【 References 】 [1] Liu Liang, Gu jiugao. Practical artificial cardiac pacing technology. Nanjing press. 1991.5 [2] corpus luteum steel, etc. Practical cardiac pacing. Tianjin science and technology press. 1993.12 [3] party Sze. Pacemaker technical progress. World medical device. 1998.4 [4] Jihong, Zhang Cheng. Pacemaker's latest progress. Beijing Medical University Press. 2000.9