Detailed and throat, chest and abdominal area optical endoscope market

Review of the development of endoscopic optics

The doctor before the invention of image is not visible to the naked eye observing human doctors of internal structure, can only rely on the endoscope.

1795 years, Germany has made first Bozzine doctor. 1879, Germany Urology physicians in Medical University Nitze Leiter's help, the Platinum wire insertion diameter 5 mm cystoscope tube front-end, water-cooled current heating methods enable Platinum filament light provides illumination, made into a front end is equipped with lighting equipment of the cystoscope. Nitze cystoscope structures and basic modern rigid endoscope gouzhuang, created a medical history of using endoscopic optics.

After 200 years of development, endoscopy and related equipment leap of progress, although with computer technology, and related medical imaging display technology, the use of the doctors at different angles, way of seeing the Interior of any one location, but in some cases still cannot replace the role of endoscopy.

Today, the industry will endoscopy always divided into three broad categories: rigid endoscopes, soft endoscopy and fiber endoscopy. The following will include laser technology, optical technology and equipment in the human body ENT, general surgery and other aspects of the application to do a presentation.

Rigid endoscope: 1795 year, Germany's doctors made first Bozzine endoscopic concept, and in 1806 invented the rigid endoscope for medical use.

The use of candles do light can pass the endoscopic saw the rectum and the uterine cavity. Desormeaux and Segelar two doctors in 1868 the first time in an article in the use of the word "endoscopy". Two years after Thomas Edison invented incandescent lamps, since then, the rigid endoscope that metal tube for shell, incandescent lamps for lighting, lenses, prisms, mirrors and other optical components, until today, besides rigid endoscope's materials, structural changes, its basic principle is not a big change.

Soft endoscopy: also known as can tune endoscopy.

The existence of visceral organs, anatomical and physiological bend rigid endoscope is difficult to fully check, 1881, Mikulicz design the front end of the third can be 30 degrees of endoscopy, so half of the birth of endoscopy can be musical form. In 1932, Schindler and Wolf made into a half can tune gastroscopy, diameter 12mm, long as 77cm, recently as hard tube, distal to hoses, hose, equipped with 26 block short focal distance Prism, at different levels of bending 34 degrees. Because of the suffering of patients is lighter, larger vision, such as improved after endoscopy, is widely used in the clinic.

Fiber endoscopy: century, fibre-optic technology in the United Kingdom, fibre-optic technology in medical applications, promoting medical endoscopy of the revolution.

In 1957, Hirschowitz manufactured the first fiber Endoscope, allowing endoscopic entered the stage of fiber optic endoscope. Fiber endoscopy to fiberglass beams instead of traditional lenses, prisms, etc as optical optic image components, using external cold light source in lighting, camera. Fiber endoscope can control bending direction for inserting the human body, reducing patients suffering. Before long, the United States has realized the ACMI Corporation first endoscopy of commercial production. In 1966, Japan Olympus company first front-end angular body. In 1967, Japan Mazda company uses external cold light source, the brightness, you can find small lesions, horizons further expanded. As subsidiary of continuous improvement, such as surgical instruments, the development of imaging systems, so that the fiber endoscope not only can be used for diagnosis, surgical treatment may also be used.

Optical endoscopy and minimally invasive surgery and related issues

I. definition of minimally invasive surgery

In 1983, the United Kingdom Urology doctor Wickham submitted first minimally invasive surgery (Minimally Invasive Surgery, MIS) concept.

Since 1987, this concept because LC surgery successful and widely available are truly accept the medical profession. With endoscopic surgery, interventional radiology surgery, minimally invasive techniques in abdomen, chest, head and neck surgery, cardiovascular surgery, gynaecology, bone and joint surgery, many areas of development. Minimally invasive surgery concept only gradually clear up, but how to accurately define the minimally invasive surgery of the concept is still controversial.

In 1992, Hellwig and Bauer "minimally invasive endoscopic neurosurgery" (MIEN, Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Neurosurgery).

This method is the application of CT, MRI, calculate the coordinate, in the navigation system-assisted endoscopic implantation, the point of work. Endoscopy with modern imaging technology and ultrasound-guided technology, Stereotactic techniques, electronic computer 3-d imaging technology, accurate positioning and focus, determine the scope, morphology, lesions, design the right approach, guided endoscopic accurate arrival lesion, dramatically reduced because of endoscopic surgery by Deputy injury.

In fact, for minimally invasive surgery from overall and generalized looks more comprehensive, more systematic understanding of its rich connotation.

Broadly speaking, that can reduce the Organization's operation injury, conducive to functional recovery of organism treatment measures should belong to the category of minimally invasive surgery, including endoscopic surgery, endoscopic surgery, interventional radiology, surgery, surgical directional guidance, telemedicine, and even should also include microsurgery and gene therapy, etc. It can be said that the optical endoscopy and minimally invasive science there is.

Modern endoscopy and minimally invasive surgery of the inherent advantages and revolutionary advances, as well as the current operation can involve areas along with the acceptable level, including the economic costs and other factors, the advanced minimally invasive surgery can in some ways meet human health and life quality requirements, and shows the continued development of minimally invasive surgery of the big trends and irreversibility.

2. optical endoscopy and minimally invasive surgery and related issues

In minimally invasive surgery, although the need for additional configuration many appropriate instruments and equipment, objectively increased hospital costs, hand

Operation costs than traditional surgery, but due to the high number of minimally invasive surgical trauma than traditional surgery, wound healing time is short, fast, postoperative recovery time significantly reduces patient, relative made up for the overall treatment costs and the gap between traditional surgery, especially for micro-invasive surgery the patient improves quality of life and health, cannot be measured by money mutatis mutandis. Therefore, at present around the globe, especially developed countries, as long as you can using minimally invasive surgical treatment of disease, patients will be preferred in minimally invasive surgeon to do surgery, for example in ENT, abdominal, intracranial surgery etc.

The successful implementation of minimally invasive surgery and modern equipment, navigation technology of nature, but with the doctor's own technology, knowledge, experience, and so have a great relationship.

Therefore, doctors using endoscopy for minimally invasive surgery, the author believes should note the following issues:

(1) good traditional surgery in basic and clinical experience.

Minimally invasive surgery is in traditional surgery guidelines, meet and reach the traditional surgical treatment effect, through a small incision used various instruments to demanding surgical treatment of hand-eye coordination. Therefore, if there is no traditional plastic surgery clinical experience of the doctor, it is very difficult to successfully carry out of minimally invasive surgery.

(2) clinical experience.

An analysis of the decision-making capacity of the indication of the ability to accurately analyze and determine which diseases treatment suitable for adoption for minimally invasive surgery.

(3) the skills of minimally invasive surgical instruments and equipment.

In addition to the familiar with electronic imaging and transmission systems, such as in the abdominal cavity for minimally invasive surgery, you should be familiar with a variety of laparoscopic surgery, endoscopy, ultrasound, as well as security of pneumoperitoneum needle, biopsy, solitary and one-time fire Shi clip, cavity linear cutting sealer, cavity circular stapler, stapler, organization, retractor, snare, various imaging devices, and so on, makes various in endoscopic surgery operation can be handy, application freely.

(4) the attention of micro innovation theories and methods.

For example in intracranial surgery, Hellwig and Bauer in 1992 's "minimally invasive endoscopic neurosurgery" (Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Neurosurgery); Perneczky in 1998 the "keyhole surgery" (Keyhole surgery), and, of course, this theory was first established in modern medicine means on the basis of the theory and methods are to be recognized and applied in the industry, and the inventor of the various factors related to itself.

With a variety of advanced science and technology to the medical penetration, including electronics, computer technology, optical technology, telecommunication technology, the making of minimally invasive surgery itself more rationalization modernization, to simulate more realistic.

Although the development of minimally invasive surgical material basis of their hardware is important, but the difference between success and failure is still a software package and a doctor of its own knowledge.

Optical endoscopic ENT field

First, the application of ear-endoscopic

(A) the development of ear endoscopic surgery and classification

Ear, nose and throat Department of Anatomy complex, deep hole holes, operation difficult.

The earliest modern significance of endoscopy is developed by Bozzini, consists of a vase-shaped lamps, candles and a series of lenses, mainly for the bladder and urethra. In 1967 the first application of fiber Mer endoscopy via a perforation of tympanic membrane to check the middle ear. In 1982, Nomura presented in full in the tympanic membrane uplink incision of tympanic membrane through observation of the middle ear structure endoscopy. In 1989, with the help of fiber endoscopy Kimura nasal approach observed the eustachian tube tympanic cavity lumen and. Through years of exploration, the application of ear-endoscopy is more mature.

The ear is divided into rigid endoscope overall endoscopy and fiber endoscopy.

Rigid ear endoscopy: according to lens angle into 0 °, 30 °, 70 ° c; under the microscope body diameter divided into 1.9mm, 2.7mm and 4mm three; under the microscope body length is divided into two 6cm, 11cm. Fiber endoscopy: diameter from 0.5mm to 1.2mm, mirror long from 200cm to 650cm, camera angle, there are many. Using endoscopy inspection or surgery trauma micro or non-invasive, it is difficult to be on and the exposure of the sinus cavity and assisted microscopy or independent operative treatment. In addition, endoscopy can be connected to the camera and the TV camera systems for recording clinical data, teaching and research purposes.

(Ii) endoscopy clinic range

(1) study on intracranial checking application

Because of the listening and the nervous system, and these nerves and blood vessels, and other associated together, endoscopy in intracranial related check has been widely used.

The endoscopy for intracranial surgery starts at the beginning of the 20th century, along with 60 's fiber optic technology, in 1988, Auer's "endoscopic neurosurgery" (Endoscopic Neurosurgery) concept. Endoscopic classification: neurosurgery

A. endoscopic neurosurgery: simple application for endoscopic surgery, endoscopic skull drilling so that reaches the lesion that deal directly with the disease, the operations are endoscopic work cavity to purposes.

B. endoscopic microsurgery neurosurgery: microneurosurgery, application of endoscopic treatment is difficult to reach sites of microscopic lesions.

C. endoscopic control of neurosurgery: in endoscopic and display system guided, micro-applied conventional surgical instruments for surgical operation, surgical operations are carried out outside the endoscope.

On the accurate identification of anatomical structures of the ear endoscopy in various Fossa surgery microscope in can play an important role in support of, such as trigeminal nerve Transection, vestibular neurectomy, Acoustic Neuroma surgery, vascular cross compression decompression, hemifacial spasm, etc.

(2) apply to brain tumor surgery

Endoscopic surgery is often combined with navigation system, accurate positioning and directly reach the lesion, avoiding

Turn up the blood vessels, and other important structures to choose the best approach. All that trouble, if necessary in order to reduce the damage of nerve function.

(3) applies to Acoustic Neuroma surgery

The acoustic neuroma-listen to surgery, retrosigmoid or lost after the route is easy to damage get lost.

Intrusion into the internal auditory canal lateral wall of acoustic neuroma of excision often blindness or with small mirrors help line blunt split, so very easily lead to incomplete resection or injury lost, facial, cochlear, vestibular, and other important structures. Use ear surgery endoscopic greatly increases security and reduces tumor recurrence rate, while also reducing postoperative incidence of cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Endoscopy is easier than the microscope revealed the temporal bone open air room, especially after upper, pyramidal and the internal wall, retrosigmoid district of open air room, which can promptly with bone wax or fascia filled to prevent leakage of cerebrospinal fluid.

(4) applies to the CPA surgery

Use surgical endoscopy of the CPA has been reported in other countries, including facial spasm, trigeminal neuralgia, glossopharyngeal neuralgia, etc.

Because of space constraints, will not elaborate.

II. application of Nasal Endoscopy

(A) the development of endoscopic surgery

1901, Hirshman on Nitze's cystoscopy for improvement for the first time the alveolar nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses line checks; 1925, Wolf Maltz successfully applied, the company's nasal endoscopy and canine teeth nest on the observation of the maxillary sinus, and the creation of a sinus check Word (Sinuscopy); 1951, glass fibre-optic transmission Hopkin cold light source for front illumination, also invented the solid cylindrical mirror system; this invention greatly enhances the lighting brightness for modern hard endoscopic technology development has laid a good foundation.

Germany Storz company adopts Hopkins optical system to produce a high-performance rigid endoscopic optics. Germany Wolf adoption of Lumina optical system, the same production out of the high quality rigid endoscopes. At the same time, Japan Olympus Corporation also produces the rigid endoscopes. Into the 1970s, otolaryngology to professional use of various types of endoscopic successively developed, Europe, Japan, otolaryngology territories have stressed the necessity of using endoscopy.

Messeklinger is believed to be initiated against Nasal Endoscopy lataral; 1982, Germany Storz company Messeklinger and Stammberger provides complete endoscopic equipment, including various angles of endoscopy and monitoring, photographic equipment; in June 1985 by Stammberger and co-chaired Zinreich, Kennedy in the United States of Baltimore (Baltimore) organized the first seminar of endoscopic surgical techniques, success, popularity in the United States and quickly spread worldwide; 1986, Kennedy presented in the literature on functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery concept (Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery, FESS).

At the same time, to the mountain public a represented Japan scholars are beginning for clinical diagnosis and treatment process widely Nasal Endoscopy.

Our Endoscopic Sinus surgery was founded in the 1980s, in November 1997 in Haikou national Rhinology academic meeting, in selected conference papers, 286 and Endoscopic Sinus Surgery directly associated with more than 80.

This reaction from a side the Endoscopic Sinus Surgery technology throughout the rapid promotion and development of the status quo. In 1995, the national more than 20 Rhinology scholars together to formulate Guangzhou China's first chronic sinusitis diagnosis, staging and treatment assessment standards, namely the "standard" in Guangzhou. In 1997, in Haikou national meeting in Rhinology "Guangzhou standards", on the basis of discussion by the participants, amendments, fully formed "Haikou standard", and in June 1998 by otorhinolary officially announced.

(2) on application of Nasal Endoscopy "functional" and "radical" controversy

Messerklinger was the first to systematically expounded Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (Endoscopic Sinus Surgery, ESS) of the basic principles and methods.

To clarify the Endoscopic Sinus surgery in the treatment of local chronic inflammation on local effects of pathophysiological processes to United States scholar Kennedy as representative, creating a functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) concept. This technique essentially by improving sinus ventilation and drainage and mucociliary clearance, to restore the normal function of the paranasal sinuses lesions.

Based on the pathophysiology of chronic sinusitis in the light of the findings of the concept of the FESS and surgical methods for the treatment of chronic sinusitis epoch-making significance.

But some problems: first mucosa basis and reversible recovery standard is ambiguous, simply rely on operation cannot guarantee the recovery of the "reversible"; Secondly, the surgery on the lesions have function of the mucous membrane of the judgment and the choice of difficulty; third regeneration mucosa may have lost its normal function. Hence the concept of "functional" should run through the process of diagnosis and treatment of disease, and should not be done for the classification of surgical technology itself. With endoscopic surgical techniques for getting more mature and perfect, its field of application is constantly extending. Fusion theory FESS to redefine the concept of the ESS, or can be called Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (Nasal Endoscopic Surgery, NES), which extends the application range of surgical techniques, suitable for the development of the discipline.

Endoscopic Sinus surgery has two purposes: one is to broaden the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses between space; the second is to keep the normal Anatomy and mucous membranes.

That is, on the understanding of endoscopic surgery should contain two aspects, namely the surgery technology knowledge itself and the disease process of understanding the pathophysiology. The only way to get rid of Division of the so-called "functional" and "radical" operationConstraints, and on local physiological function of protection throughout the treatment process. Therefore, modern endoscopic surgery of the nose, the connotation of the endoscope, to preserve the structure of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses and function as a precondition, to clear lesions, improvement and reconstruction of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus ventilation and drainage function of nose surgery techniques. Specific content includes the following four areas: television monitoring of endoscopic surgery; clear the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus disorders; correct mucosal choice and remodeling; postoperative follow-up and comprehensive treatment.

Third, the laser technology applications in the throat

(A) the role of laser surgery

Laser types, characteristics, in medicine common laser Ar + CO2 laser, laser, laser, KTP/Nd-YAG 532 laser, diode laser, etc.

The use of high power or energy laser generated by focusing a laser beam on biological tissues after can produce strong thermal effects, to enable tissue cutting, vaporization and solidification. Laser tissue of thermal effects in General is through two avenues: absorption and collision.

In clinical applications, rely on adjusting exposure zones power density for cutting, vaporization, solidification, different surgical requirements.

Change the exposure zones power density there are two ways, one is directly alter the laser output power, the second is for the focused laser beam, laser output power intact condition, changes to the exposed parts of the body away from the focus position, thereby changing the treatment position of power density.

Cutting: when a high power laser beam is focused, in focus, forming power density is highly concentrated in a small laser beam, you can make local organizations soon left the vaporization and played like scalpel incision tissues, while forming laser "knife".

Laser cutting to cut around the Organization's injury is not serious. For soft tissue from the temperature at the incision 100mm approximately 70 ° c, leaving cut 400 ~ 500mm Department of temperature is 50 ° c, after cutting tissue damage layer can be divided into three layers, contact laser is 10 ~ 20 mm with carbide particles burning surface layer, is formed by vaporization bubble layer, and then to the outer layer of cells is edema, about 100 ~ 200mm.

　　

Vaporization and burning: the use of powerful laser thermal effects make the lesions were dropped, carbonization of carbonization temperature of about 300 ~ 400 ° c, lesions of carbonized and normal tissue detachment, saline cotton balls it rubs off.

After burning after freezing, dehydration, carbonation damage to cells, can help stop the bleeding. In the high power laser beam irradiation, enables organizations to melt or vaporization, vaporization process a is the body's tissues directly into gas, the second is the body's tissues of water into steam.

Laser coagulation: laser coagulation is actually a thermal coagulation, organizations after rising temperature absorbed light to 50 ~ 100 ° c, light areas of the Organization soon solidified necrosis, which occurred relatively deep tissue, autolysis decomposition is inflammation area deep.

Laser coagulation has three aspects: first, hemostasis, vascular lesion of laser irradiation to thermal damage, distortion, spasm and occlusion; and welding, the exposed parts of the protein fused to produce curing occurs condensed to close adhesion; third, solidification lesions organization focus tissue coagulation necrosis, crust falls off.

(B) CO2 laser therapy throat diseases

Pharyngeal in some common diseases such as: vocal polyp, respiratory and throat Papilloma of the larynx, Hyperkeratosis, laryngeal stenosis, larynx, etc, along with the early stage of minimally invasive surgery technology development, through the use of CO2 laser treatment to obtain a better treatment effect.

Application of CO2 laser therapy throat diseases more conventional surgery has obvious advantages.

First, pharyngeal mucosa heat radiation, on local organizations of small thermal damage, postoperative reaction slightly, it is difficult to cause pharyngeal mucosa of edema; Secondly, accuracy good under the microscope of scope and depth of complete resection of the lesion, reduced the normal mucosal damage; third, the surgery less bleeding, shortens operative time, post-operative scarring and adhesions easily. Application of CO2 laser surgical diseases, cancer, and recover faster. For the treatment of laryngeal cancer early, at home and abroad have applied CO2 laser with a large number of reports, clinical effect is positive, the survival rate and traditional partial laryngectomy and radiation therapy are the same, no statistical differences.

Optical endoscopic surgical applications

A general surgery and laparoscopy in the scope of application of

France obstetricians Dr.Mouret in 1987 to the laparoscopic gynecological operations, while successfully completed the world's first laparoscopic cholecystectomy (Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, LC).

Our LC surgery began in 1991, by China's Yunnan Qujing city second people's hospital surgical pioneered laparoscopic cholecystectomy, cholecystectomy has become an important field of application of laparoscopy.

Laparoscopic and traditional open surgery compared with less trauma-small, pain, postoperative rehabilitation faster and cut beautiful unique advantages.

In developed countries, laparoscopic cholecystectomy has accounted for the total number of cholecystectomy nearly 95%. Particularly beautiful endoscopic cuts, so in general surgery, a very wide range of applications. But laparoscopic surgery not all abdominal surgical disease are applicable, the following aspects of the disease for laparoscopic surgery.

Gallbladder disease: including gallstones and gallbladder polyps and cholecystitis.

Which the gallbladder symptoms must have cholecystitis surgical treatment. While asymptomatic gallstones of, a recent study found that, because of the stones in the gallbladder chronically friction layer of the mucous membrane induced chronic inflammation, and developed into atypical hyperplasia, precancerous lesions. Such patients easy development into gallbladder cancer, gallbladder early. Gallbladder polyps are rarely accompanied by symptoms, but it can also be in the process of long-term disease to cancer, and cancer rate higher than the number of times the normal population, early surgery./P>

Neck disease: thyroid and parathyroid disease is relatively new and laparoscopic surgery indications.

For those who suffer from thyroid adenoma, nodular goiter and neck diseases of female patients, especially young women, application for thyroid surgery, endoscopy is both beautiful and also without losing security. Operation only in the armpit or two on both sides of the areola, puncture wound about 1cm or so, you can carry out the operation. There have been reports of foreign literature, Yale University School of medicine doctors have Udelsman minimally invasive endoscopic surgery for removal of benign parathyroid surgery as General outpatients.

Breast disease: as the modern medical theory, aesthetics and man-made cavity and technological progress, domestic and foreign many conditional hospital on mammary tumors, early breast cancer patients have applied for laparoscopic surgical debridement, and where necessary row axillary lymph node dissection.

The application of this technology, for young female patients not only cure breast disease, is more important to meet the patients for breast figure beauty of psychological needs.

Cancer: in addition in recent years, due to the use of laparoscopic ultrasound knife and hand-assisted laparoscopic technique, use laparoscopic treatment of malignant diseases has increased significantly, at present, the laparoscopic surgery for stomach cancer, liver cancer, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, esophageal cancer, malignant tumor of the reports on the rise.

Since 2000, particularly for the high incidence of Westerners more colorectal cancer treatment reported increased significantly. This shows that the application of laparoscopic operation has been started into the broader field of surgery. It has been reported in the literature, earlier in this technology research at the University of Barcelona, Lacy doctors believe: for patients with colon cancer, laparoscopic surgery is better than open surgery, therefore it is expected to become the standard for the treatment of colon cancer.

Other general surgery: in patients with liver disease, liver abscess, appendicitis, abdominal hernia, gastroduodenal ulcer perforation also reflects the good prospects.

In addition, the application of laparoscopic sigmoid colon resection, Splenectomy, gastric resection operation, technical conditions, it is a good treatment. If the tumor splenic cyst, spleen, cause hypersplenism, Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura, hereditary spherical Polycythemia, etc. required line Splenectomy is also feasible to laparoscopic surgery. Colonoscopy excision of the sigmoid colon polyps, sigmoid colon cancer, etc. can also be early laparoscopic sigmoid colon resection. As minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery, thus avoiding the excessive abdominal incision, postoperative abdominal viscera adhesion, visceral function recovery slow, long hospitalization period traditional open surgery the widespread shortcomings.

2. hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery techniques

Laparoscopic surgery is to join the monitor's micro-camera device into the abdominal cavity, miniature cameras can easily move through the screen of monitor, using micro-electric knife, forceps, scissors, surgical instruments, complete surgical operation.

Because of the surgery operation on freedom, three-dimensional vision and haptic's Omni-directional precision requirements that laparoscopic surgery is still required equipment and technology continues to improve.

Laparoscopic applied to general surgery has more than ten years, despite the laparoscopic surgery tools and techniques of continuous improvement and enhance the already large number of patients bring benefits, but the entire surgery is still a considerable number of surgery cannot be carried out in small incision.

Especially for intraperitoneal stomach, spleen, liver, pancreas, colon and rectum, and other organs are difficult and complex surgery, conventional laparoscopy will allow the performer to face the lack, as out of touch specimens must extend incisions, virtually extend operation time and cut cell cultivation and many other challenges.

Internationally renowned experts in minimally invasive surgery, President of the European society of surgery, Professor Alfred Cuschieri pioneer in hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery, the surgery compared to traditional laparoscopic, hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery with modern laparoscopic and traditional open surgery for the common benefit.

Therefore, as the hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery to resolve the problem of providing a new way of thinking.

(1) surgery to have the sense of touch, which helps to identify lesions of the location, size, scope, and discovered the disease did not take into account, while in the past, the more dependent operation using endoscopy and ultrasound probes;

(2) contribute to the exposure of the operative field;

(3) the performer to stretch into peritoneal hands can safely isolation of blunt;

(4) you can determine the location of the great vessels and control large vascular bleeding;

(5) since the above advantages, compared with conventional laparoscopy, hand-assisted laparoscopy can significantly reduce surgery time;

(6) reduces tumor surgery cancer cells spread and metastasis of casing incision.

But since the birth of the technology, the realization of the short period of time, the cases limited credibility is yet to be studied.

In China, due to the high price of surgical cuff, actually, using value also requires further study.

Closing remarks

Optical technology and endoscopic applications to screening, treatment, is based on the principle of minimally invasive surgery.

There is no doubt that the development of the traditional surgery continues to be highly effective, minimally invasive. Minimally invasive surgery requires a centralized, diffusion and promotion, universal, by contrast, is required along with equipment, devices, technological progress, the two are complementary. Especially in recent years has been working on, use the "capsule endoscopy" and the use of optical technologies in the medical field of application of the concept of continuous update. Here, the authors examine and discuss the optical endoscopic ENT, application of thoracic and abdominal cavity, in fact, optical endoscopy is also widely used in the intestine, stomach checks and other areas, limited to space, knowledge and other reasons, this is no longer covered.