Who indicated that they will soon announce the arrival of an influenza pandemic

The World Health Organization (WHO), Assistant Director-General, Fukuda said on 9 November, WHO increasingly approaching announced an influenza pandemic, but first want to make sure that all is ready, avoid panic.

Fukuda on influenza a H1N1 influenza virus continues to spread.

Following the outbreak of April in North America, Australia after extensive outbreaks have been around 1000 cases.

Outside North America confirmed large crowd diffusion, will promote flu alert level from the current 5-level rose to the top-grade 6.

Fukuda said in a conference call: "in the past few days the situation varies greatly, very close to the influenza pandemic, or we are increasingly approaching announced a flu pandemic.

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He said it would alert level to 6-level description of a new influenza spread of geographic range.

"This does not mean that the severity of the situation, or had serious increase in the number and proportion of increase than now.

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In his view, declare influenza pandemic is not merely made an announcement that simple.

Who must ensure that countries have the capacity to cope with new situations, properly handle public reactions.

"One of the key problem is that we want people to know that after an influenza pandemic will not be ' excessive panic '.

We want them to know that the current outbreak is still relatively modest and so on. ”

He stated that who and its 193 Member States is intensifying the measures taken, such as the development of vaccines, antiviral stockpiling.

Semiconductor technology for next-generation medical equipment research and development (1)

Semiconductor company developed cutting-edge technology allows engineers to design can improve human health conditions of equipment.

Rapidly rising health care costs, obesity and chronic diseases of all kinds, as well as popular, the large increase in the elderly population, all of these factors on those users affordable and reliable to various medical equipment needs gradually increase, including patient care equipment, medical imaging equipment, as well as a variety of inspection instruments. In modern history, never to be what it is today, the semiconductor industry is for various medical device development paving, save countless lives, while also significantly reducing healthcare costs.

Previous major medical device has been redesigned into today's portable devices, some devices like mobile phones, size and even smaller.

But like the ultrasonic system for medical devices of this kind can only be used in the past, hospitals and medical clinics in big cities, and now has spread to rural small medical clinics and ambulances. With medical equipment of miniaturization and portable requirements evolve, in order to support including weight and more light and smaller portable systems, such as the next generation of medical devices, semiconductor manufacturers face huge challenges, they must develop integrated chip.

Patient monitoring system

Regardless of the patients in hospitals, care facilities for the continuous observation of critically ill patients, and the cost to less than traditional bed care system.

Usually the patient monitoring system including EKG (electrocardiogram), blood pressure, body temperature, blood oxygen saturation and respiration monitoring system, sometimes also includes AED (automated electric shock defibrillator) functionality in these systems often contain a high resolution ADC (ADC), low noise amplifier, instrument amplifier, and have been adopted in this field for many years in various combinations of analog functions. These are mature, high-performance system, major semiconductor manufacturers to put a lot of research and development of many innovative chip.

In these systems are equipped with the ward at the same time, they are also becoming more and more small, or even be able to fly to the patient's belt.

In the near future, EKG, blood pressure and activity monitoring with wireless communication technology that allows patients to stay in their homes, and patient safety key signs and reliable real-time monitoring, which will substantially reduce the total cost of care.

As the baby boom era was born people gradually entered the aging, need special care of the increasing number of elderly, home monitoring devices demand is rapidly increasing.

According to the World Health Organization information on the 2006 global 60 years of ageing population has reached 6.5 billion. By 2025, the figure is expected to be increased to 12 million. In the United States, 65 years and older population in the total population is already occupy a larger proportion than ever before, but in the 21st century will be steady growth.

"Because of the growing ageing population, chronic disease care costs will be fast growth," ADI Healthcare Division of global strategic marketing manager Paul Errico said, "today is home to the design of medical devices to be able to monitor blood pressure, blood sugar levels and heart rate, when the device appears in the doctor's warning.

This will eliminate or reduce patient frequently go to the clinic or hospital doctor's fees, resulting from the doctor or hospital for further patients bring Gospel. ”

To become a major component of health care management, patient monitoring systems and other equipment, as well as other essential patient information resources to achieve full interoperability.

Despite extensive interoperability also failed to materialize, but this has become a medical and information technology industries need to give priority to solving the problem. For example, a company named Continua Health Alliance organization is working with the technology industry, the medical equipment industry and the healthcare industry's leading enterprise cooperation in order to establish an interoperability solution system.

Medical imaging

As technology continues to improve, including CT (computer x-ray tomography) scanners, and ultrasound systems, medical imaging applications continue to grow, thus doctor's analysis and Diagnostics provide clearer and more precise image of the human body.

In the field of medical imaging, a single system of number of channels increasing, rendered fast also focus on semiconductor companies to improve integration and reduce power consumption, and lower the cost of each channel. Ultrasound, CT, MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) and PET (positron emission tomography scanners), etc, all of these high performance systems are driving the standard device in power, speed, accuracy and dynamic range wait performance progress.

RFID smart labels help monitoring patient medication

Wakefield Rex Cancer Center will now proceed to evaluate a suite and phone drug monitoring system-use of RFID smart labels, DOTmed reports.

The system will mobile phone into a drugs detectors, from pharmaceutical packaging of RFID tag read data.

Real-time, wireless mobile phones to gather information to help confirm the patient at the right time to take the right medicines, at the same time, monitor any possible side-effects.

Data sent to a secure server for clinical view and send alerts, if drug loss timely intervention.

If patients stop taking drugs or less than the required dosage, hospitals can also be detected in time to avoid a greater health risk.

Implantable artificial heart pacemaker application and future development

1. Introduction to the normal case, the heart of the sinus node right Atria can automatically, rhythmically emits electrical impulses through cardiac nerve conduction system from different parts of the heart to issue instructions to make myocardial contractility, heartbeat, blood pumping to the whole body. If myocardial nerve conduction system disorder or sinus, atrial sinus knot cannot regularly issued electrical impulses, download electrical pulse, heart arrhythmia occurs, even beating, endangering the lives of patients. Artificial cardiac pacemakers can sick heart as needed according to the need to give a direct electric stimulation, the heartbeat is normal. Pacemaker in form can be divided into external temporary pacing and implantable (or permanent or buried), the former for emergency treatment of temporary pacing, pacing the latter for the long-term. This article primarily discusses implantable artificial heart pacemaker, namely the general sense of the pacemaker. 2. artificial heart pacemaker principle and construct artificial heart pacemaker is a very delicate and reliable with high levels of electrical impulses stimulate is applied must have type of pacemaker pulse generator, and a specially crafted wire (i.e.: pacing catheter electrode) connection, and send electric pulse pacemaker stimulates heart so excited cannot or conduction of cardiac stress and pacing of medical electronic devices. Artificial heart pacemaker mainly consists of two parts: (1) pacing catheter electrode: it will pacemaker output signal lead to myocardial for pacing, on the other hand will feel the heart beat of the signal itself (cavity ECG ICG) feedback to the pacemaker to control the issuance of pacemaker pulse. It is the endocardium electrode, from early development to dual single-pole, or even more extreme. As a long-term pacing catheter electrode must be good with biocompatibility, good toughness, anti aging, corrosion-resistant materials. Electrode wire usually aier near alloy (Elgiloy) or nickel-cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy wire-wound into a spiral pipe. Conductor outer insulation materials are selected high-purity silicon rubber or medical polyurethane [3]. Electrode head of materials to surface activation isotropic carbon low temperature pyrolysis or Platinum. (2) pacemaker pulse generator: it consists of pacing circuits, battery and metal casing. Pacemaker energy required is small size, large capacity, slow release energy, sealing performance and reliable battery, at home and abroad the implantable pacemaker commonly used lithium-iodine battery so that the pacemaker continuous life reaches more than 10 years. Since titanium biocompatibility, no rust, so the current pacemaker shell are made from titanium materials stretch forming, ministries to larger circular connection, using laser welding for package [1]. From the 1980s onwards pacing circuit began to manufacture commonly adopted integrated circuit maker main circuit; and CMOS ASIC pacing chip and resistors, capacitors, Reed pipe, and other electronic components together installed on ceramic substrate constitute hybrid (Hybrid) thick film IC as a standard part of pacemaker circuit [3]. 3. artificial heart pacemaker indications (1) height or complete atrioventricular block with Ah-syndrome or syncope episode. Asymptomatic, heart rate less than 50 times/min or QRS spacious malformations and ventricular arrest ＞ 2 seconds as a relative indication. (2) complete or incomplete third bundle branch and double beam branch block with intermittent or paroxysmal complete atrioventricular block, or ventricular rate "4O/min;-bundle branch block with Ah-syndrome or syncope episode; completeness of alternating left and right bundle branch block, his figure confirmed H-V extension. (3) second degree ⅱ atrioventricular block with ' a ' syndrome or syncope episode. Sustained second-degree ⅱ atrioventricular block, ventricular rate less than 5O times per minute without symptoms as relative indications. (4) sick sinus syndrome has the following features: serious sinus bradycardia, ventricular rate "45 times per minute, seriously affect the organ blood supply, heart failure, angina pectoris, dizziness, black; bradycardia, and sinus or sinus room block, r-r interval ＞ 2 seconds with syncope or Al-Syndrome outbreak; bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome have syncope or Al-Syndrome outbreak. (5) use of tachycardia pacemaker or defibrillator, ectopic tachyarrhythmia drug treatment is not valid. (6) recurrent sinus syncope carotid arteries and heart beating. 4. artificial heart pacemaker ' development history and current status of artificial heart pacemaker clinic, the widely used drug for invalid severe arrhythmia patients get treatment, significantly reducing cardiovascular disease mortality, is the modern biomedical engineering for humanity a significant contribution. In 1932, United States of thoracic surgeon Hyman invented the first electric by clockwork-driven pulse generator, with two needle puncture Atrium makes the beating heart complex jumps, he named the artificial heart pacemaker (Artificial Pacemaker), thereby creating an artificial heart pacemaker great era of cardiac arrhythmias. Pacemaker clinic is really used in 1952. United States physician Zoll in vitro pacemakers, carries on the artificial stimulation of the thoracic cardiac pacing, where the two are on the verge of death, heart block, thereby promoting a pacemaker in clinical applications and development. Sweden 1958, 1960, the United States Elmgrist Greatbatch respectively inventions and clinical application of the implantable cardiac pacemaker. From pacemakers to implantable artificial heart pacemaker era, toward the long life, high reliability, lightweight, compact and functional direction. Early pacemaker is natural frequency (or non-synchronous), only rescue and treatment of persistent atrioventricular block, sick sinus syndrome, syndrome, intermittent bradycardia does not apply and cannot be synchronized with the patients own rhythm, ventricular competition occurs causing more serious arrhythmias. To this end, in the mid-1960s has a synchronous pacemakers, which houses the synchronization triggers-(VAT) pacemaker is specifically used to atrioventricular block, and ventricular on-demand (VVI) is at home and abroad the most common cardiac pacemakers. In order for the pacing and cardiac own pacing feature close [1] [3], have appeared in the 1970s and was more in line with the accessory order onwardsBo's dual Chamber pacemaker (DVI), and be able to treat a variety of versatile bradycardia pacemakers (DDD). At this point, the pacemaker's basic treatment has been developed completely. In the 20th century 80 's, the lightening pacemaker in addition, the miniaturization of improvement, a program control and telemetry functions, use external program (Programmer) is available on the implantation of pacemaker for pacing mode, frequency, amplitude, pulse width, perceived sensitivity, refractory period, A-V programmable delay parameter; you can also work on the pacemaker, the status monitor will work parameters, battery consumption, myocardial impedance, information and even the intracardiac ECG, the pacemaker is sent to the external program of Telemetry receiver for display [3]. 1990s, pacemaker and anti-tachycardia and develop better suited to the physiological changes of human activity has made progress, there has been resistance to tachycardia Adaptive pacing and frequency of pacemakers (DDDR), artificial heart pacemaker be dealing with fatal arrhythmia effective weapons. With the development of science and technology, now has more performance of biventricular/double atrial synchronous three Chamber pacemaker and defibrillator function with the pacemaker. 5. artificial heart pacemaker identification code North America pacing and Electrophysiology (NASPE) and the United Kingdom pacing and Electrophysiology Organization (BPEG) to table 1 for the identification of encoding. Generally use the first three identification number recognition pacemaker pacing cavity, the cavity and the perception of perception (P or R-wave, or both) of the response mode. Choose from a fourth location represents one of the two different functions: a program-controlled capacity or frequency Adaptive pacing. P represents the one or two simple programmable function; M-controlled, representing a wide range of features, including models, period, pulse width sensitivity and perception. C indicate information delivery or through one or more of the physiological variables measurement for Adaptive pacing frequency control. The fifth bit indicates special features of tachyarrhythmia: P representative against tachyarrhythmia ventricular pacing, S represents the complex or defibrillation electric shock, d double feature (pacing and shock). In all locations, O specify generic or features are not provided. Table 1: NASPE/BPEG (NBG) pacemaker identification code [2]-the first letter of the second letter of the first three letters of the fourth letter of the first five letters of the classification pacing Chamber perception Chamber response mode programmable frequency response telemetry function of tachycardia and defibrillator function letter v = atrial ventricular A = D = dual Chamber S = single V = A = atrial-ventricular O = no D = dual Chamber S = single I = inhibit T = trigger O = no D = double P = simple programming M = multi-function programmable C = telemetry frequency response R = O = no P = anti-tachycardia pacing S = electrical cardioversion D = P + S 6. artificial heart pacemaker's future after decades of development, the implantable cardiac pacemaker has not only applied to the treatment of heart block, slow-fast syndrome, severe arrhythmia, along with its many new therapeutic effect. These new indications are: orthostatic hypotension, malignant neural cardiac syncope (vasovagal), congenital Q-T interval syndrome and simple PR interval prolongation. They will be the pacemaker application of one of the future direction. A low-power microprocessor chip as a core part of pacemaker circuit, will enable the performance of the pacemaker circuit to modify the software, will change the current full customization (ASIC) design, every improvement is a lot of resources and time, will significantly reduce new pacemaker circuit development cycle and costs. As computer technology, telemetry, the development of new technologies, future may appear fully automated pacemaker. This automation of pulse generator according to patient electrophysiology of basic situation automatically adapt, with time cycle of analysis, sensor input and automatically interpret the stored information to determine the most appropriate pacing mode. Pacemaker to automated determination of atrial and ventricular pacing and perception threshold and, depending on the sensor information automatically programmed basic frequency [4]. 【 References 】 [1] Liu Liang, Gu jiugao. Practical artificial cardiac pacing technology. Nanjing press. 1991.5 [2] corpus luteum steel, etc. Practical cardiac pacing. Tianjin science and technology press. 1993.12 [3] party Sze. Pacemaker technical progress. World medical device. 1998.4 [4] Jihong, Zhang Cheng. Pacemaker's latest progress. Beijing Medical University Press. 2000.9

Technology foresight: future trends in home healthcare equipment

Future home healthcare equipment of two key characteristics for connectivity and power consumption.

For many cases, can be diagnostic equipment of clinical records accurately pass to healthcare professionals and patients the ability of self care is equally important, such as diabetes management. For example, ECG (electrocardiogram) waveform can be used as a printout or signal through electronic communication channel to the clinician.

Electrical safety for portable medical equipment is equally important. For example, when the ECG equipment needs directly with computers and other devices are connected, the patients face the potential threat of electrical accidents.

ADI's ADuM4160 USB isolator can overcome this problem, enable patients and computer and network maintain complete electrical isolation, while also achieving full function of ECG and connected to the computer. In addition, portable devices measuring front end only a small amount of power you can drive amplifiers and data converters, ADI's isolated power ADuM5000 DC-DC converters can directly provide isolation of power supply, eliminating battery charging or replacement needs. These devices also can realize many of the previous requirements directly with patients for electrical connections household healthcare equipment design, and be able to achieve with a USB connected directly to a computer, providing storage, analysis and transmission of the results of all the features. These techniques also allow medical equipment designers can more easily meet IEC 60601 's latest requirements.

In addition, as the medical industry, many of the original is considered a medical industry edge industries such as home care system-related insurance will also be more and more involved in the construction of the medical industry.

However, because there is not yet implemented extensive interoperability, so for medical systems and information technology industry, this is an emerging development goals.

Once again, with the increase of population ageing, home care type of application is also a trend.

In addition to now have more application in the home blood glucose, blood pressure measurement, we expect future ECG equipment will go into the home. There will be more participants to this sector, will explore the different business models.

For example, cardiovascular disease to humans of destruction is very large, therefore, an electrocardiogram (ECG) may become a guardianship of our daily needs.

Also, the ECG devices added to some forward-looking technology, such as using acceleration sensor to the patient's movements to care, to help the doctor determine, to a certain exercise ECG status of patients. Sometimes, in the electrocardiogram (ECG) joined the MEMS, also monitors the patient does not normally happen, for example, in patients with fall, so that doctors and patients guardian can discover these emergencies.

Portable medical equipment, home of the future medical devices market in strong impetus.

And hospitals with medical devices, portable medical product needs in a small number of devices to achieve many of the performance, need to be able to more accurately handle more complex analog and digital signals.

This naturally brings power and cooling, as well as reliability, design complexity, and other challenges. This will require chip suppliers is committed to technical innovation and progress. Medical electronics has always been the ADI areas of concern. We have a world-leading analog and digital technology, continuous technological innovation is our goal to own that market provides cost-effective products and solutions. For example, the newly launched AD8235, as today's global market volume of the smallest and strongest performance at the lowest power consumption, it is an instrumentation amplifier in order to meet the ECG and other medical devices, portable-specific requirements.

For home medical equipment, in order to allow users to use more convenient and longer battery life and lower cost, product size and power consumption is critical.

ADI has such as 1.8V precision amplifier, new low-voltage techniques and processor technology development effort that will meet market needs, a more competitive technological capabilities.

Dimensions (portable), power (battery life even longer), ease of use (smart device), networks (from the specialist for data analysis, etc.) and cost (for end users, the price acceptable) is the home of the major challenges of medical equipment.

To help system builders overcome these challenges, ADI has been committed to in the following areas to help them resolve these challenges: signal conditioning products, such as amplifier/converter/processor (including integrated solution); power solutions; wired/wireless communications solutions.

Take advantage of our leading core technology, in line with market needs as well as easy-to-use solution, we have full confidence in helping our customers achieve market success.

UBS: China medical device industry and domestic demand strong

1. China medical device industry high growth

Chinese medical device industry is a fast-growing new industries, including medical equipment, consumables and reagents.

Since 2001, medical devices already recorded 29% average annual growth rate of the compound. UBS is expected in 2008 China medical device market overall size is about 1,000 billion yuan (ex-factory price calculation). This is a global medical device market accounted for about 5%. Global medical device market worth about us $ 3,000 billion, in recent years, the growth rate of 10%.

China medical institutions instruments overall standard is relatively low.

In addition, in the different regions and health care institutions, medical equipment distribution is uneven, with a large number of equipment mainly concentrated in large urban hospitals. Rural hospitals and health centres in urban communities exist the shortage of medical equipment. Health care reform is designed to address these issues, and trends is the increase in rural and urban community health service centers.

2. from the Medicare reform of two large growth momentum

The Chinese Government has announced in 2009 to 2011, Central and local government in healthcare investment 8,500 billion RMB.

According to the Ministry of finance news about 5,600 billion RMB for expansion of medical insurance, 2,900 billion RMB for the hospital.

UBS believes that health insurance reform to the medical device industry has played the role of help will be more than the pharmaceutical industry, the medical equipment industry not only benefit from health insurance coverage and seeking ways to improve lead to increased demand for health care, and also benefit from the Government on the basis of the level in the near future hospital purchase of medical equipment.

UBS is expected in the next few years the medical equipment industry will grow by 20% to 25%, higher than the UBS forecast pharmaceutical industry growth of 15% to 20%.

Due to the expansion of Medicare reform, UBS expected public medical insurance will be in 2020 onwards practiced, and seeking ways to improve is expected to stimulate consumption and demand for healthcare.

UBS expects the demand for medical equipment will increase accordingly.

Based on past experience as a guide, UBS thinks 2,900 billion yuan of one third, i.e. nearly 1,000 billion yuan may be used for the base level of hospital (county hospitals, rural health centres and town community health centres) medical equipment procurement (the remaining two thirds are used for construction).

In the ideal case envisaged UBS, UBS is expected to total government expenditure for new 8,500 billion RMB.

However, UBS thinks assumptions which 60% is used to add new investment is reasonable. Therefore, UBS is expected for 2009-2011 the Government medical equipment purchase amount will increase 600 to 1,000 billion yuan. In the basic case envisaged by UBS, the new investment of 600 million Yuan, UBS expected medical equipment industry in 2009-2011 will be 20% growth per year, ideal case scenarios for the growth of 25% per year.

3. local enterprises are the main beneficiaries of the

UBS pointed out that the local enterprise are the main beneficiaries.

The line that most of the medical device manufacturers will benefit from health insurance expansion and go to the hospital. However local focus in the low-end market enterprises will also cost advantages and extra because they benefit from government procurement plan for three years.

UBS expects small equipment manufacturers will be the first beneficiaries, once the device configuration upgrades and a corresponding increase in the number of hospital for medical treatment, after the beneficiaries for consumables and reagents manufacturer.

According to the different level hospital instruments lower standards, UBS is expected to purchase major medical device type is patient monitors, x-ray equipment and ultrasound equipment.

UBS believes that government procurement based on the principle of the level of medical equipment is bottom, from rural health centres to the County Hospital, and then to the provincial hospital.

UBS believes that the end of 2008 the amount of government procurement has already begun to increase, and in the first quarter of 2009 has grown significantly. UBS expects the second half of 2009 will have more growth, and procurement will gradually shift from care centre County Hospital.

Medical technology innovation: Europe and Asia have the opportunity to lead

Current Imaging is a global medical technology market share of the largest areas; the MedTech 2020 report pointed out that Asian countries would transcend the technical areas in Europe and won the leadership position.

But in any case, the medical technology will continue to lead innovation, one of the most active is long-distance medical (telemedicine) technologies; in this context, the European leader in North America, the Asian States is hot pursuit.

As the field of continuing care, will hasten the digitization of other innovative technologies and new applications, such as regenerative medicine (regenerative medicine), corrections and plastic technology (prosthetics) as well as active implantable devices (active implants) and so on.

As regards including lab on a chip (lab-on-a-chip), in vitro diagnosis (in-vitro diagnostics) technology, the United States will lag behind the European, Asia has made progress in space. Other areas with growth potential, including minimally invasive surgery and endoscopy equipment.

Medical innovation power in the field of science and technology, many of which computer technology is clearly the most important role to play; information and communication technology, microelectronics and materials science, optical technology and the importance of secondary.

Germany Center for cancer research (German cancer research center, DKFZ) in medical physics department supervisor Wolfgang Schlegel intended, these medical technology innovation will further breakdown of the medical industry value chain.

For example, a computer simulation of the treatment, planning and optimization, will be between diagnostic and treatment procedures to create additional links; so the treatment will be minimally invasive surgery of innovation, as well as the Proton, heavy ion radiation and other new radiotherapy and improved.

In addition distance medical technology will significantly expand the industrial value chain.